Indalo iyasimangalisa, ngamanye amaxesha ishiya izazinzulu zikrwempa iintloko. Kwimilambo enqumla iMexico neSouth Texas kuhlala isilwanyana esincinci esine... iminyaka elikhulu lamawaka bengayinaki ngokupheleleyo into yokuba amadoda ukuze iqhubeke nosapho lwayo. Sithetha nge-Amazon molly, intlanzi yasemanzini acocekileyo enamamazi kuphela kwizikhundla zayo kwaye, nangona iimeko zinzima, ayibonisi zimpawu zobuthathaka bemfuza nangona ibiziphindaphinda ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ixesha elide.
Ngokweencwadi zebhayoloji zemveli, isiqhelo kukuba ezi ntlobo zezilwanyana ekugqibeleni ziphele ngenxa yokuqokelelana okungenakuphepheka kweempazamo kwikhowudi yazo yemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, le ntlanzi incinci ifumene indlela yokwenza ukuphepha ukuphelelwa lixesha kwezinto eziphilayo kwaye uhlale uphila kwaye uphila ngaphandle kokufuna utata ophilayo ukuze anike igazi elitsha. Uphando lwamva nje lwamazwe ngamazwe lugxile kumaqhinga alo angaphakathi okusinda, lutyhila indlela yokuzilungisa ebonakala ngathi iphuma ngqo kwifilimu yesayensi.
Inkqubo yokuzala ephula iipateni eziqhelekileyo
Indlela yokuphila ye-Amazon molly, ukuba singathi nje, inomdla kwaye ihlekisa kancinci. Nangona kungekho maduna ohlobo lwawo, la maduna kufuneka adibane namalungu ohlobo olukufutshane ukuze azale. Asebenzisa isidoda samaduna avela kwezinye iintlobo, njenge-sailfin molly, ukuze vuselela uphuhliso lwamaqanda aboKodwa nantsi into ebambekayo: ukuba izinto zemfuza zesilisa azihlangani nenzala. Isiphumo sazo yinzala eyi-clones yokwenene kamama, engenalo nelincinci i-DNA katata ocingelwayo, owayesandula ukudlula.
Le nkqubo yaziwa kwihlabathi lezemfundo njenge-gynogenesis, kwaye yiyo evumela la maqela ukuba ahlale engowesifazane kuphela ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimeko apho ukwenziwa kwe-cloning yendalo kuthatha impembelelo yayo ekuhambeni kwexesha, le ntlanzi... Igcina i-DNA ezinzileyo ngokumangalisayo kwaye ayinaziphene. Iingcali zebhayoloji zichithe amashumi eminyaka zizama ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka njani ukuba iinguqu eziyingozi zingaqokeleli, into edla ngokuba sisigwebo sokufa kuso nasiphi na isidalwa esiphilayo esingavumiyo ukutshintshana kwezakhi zofuzo.
Imfihlo yekopi kunye ne-paste yemfuza
Impendulo yale mfihlakalo ibonakala ikwinto iingcali eziyibiza ngokuba kukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. U-Edward Ricemeyer, isazi ngebhayoloji yokubala kwiYunivesithi yaseLudwig Maximilian yaseMunich, ucebisa ukuba le ntlanzi isebenzisa indlela yokwenza izinto ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi kwezakhi zofuzo zakho Inkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu ebingakhange iqatshelwe kude kube ngoku. Ngokusisiseko, xa isilwanyana sibona impazamo okanye utshintsho kwinxalenye yekhowudi yaso, sisebenzisa enye ikopi yemfuza esempilweni njengesalathiso sokubhala ngaphezulu impazamo.
- Uzinzo lwe-genomic: Bagcina ikhowudi yabo ingasebenzi nangona bengaxubi ii-genes nezinye izilwanyana.
- Ukuchasana nexesha: Ziye zasinda ixesha elide ngokuphindwe kalishumi kunokuba ithiyori yokuzivelela kwezinto eziphilayo iqikelela kwizilwanyana ezingadibaniyo ngesondo.
- Indlela yokukopa: Basebenzisa iindawo ezithile ze-genome yabo ukulungisa iimpazamo ezifunyenwe ngexesha langempela.
Ngenxa yale nkqubo, i-Amazon molly iyakwazi ukunqanda i-ratchet edumileyo kaMuller. Le ngcamango yokuzivelela kwezinto ibonisa ukuba izizukulwana ezingavisisaniyo zimiselwe ukusilela kuba iimpazamo zemfuza ziyaqokelelana ngokungapheliyo de isilwanyana singasakwazi ukuphila. Kodwa umlinganiswa wethu ophambili... ibonakalise ukuba ikrelekrele kunendlalaukubhala ngokutsha imbali yayo yemfuza izizukulwana ngezizukulwana ukuze ihlale ikwimeko entle kwaye iphephe ukuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo okuya kuba yinto efunekayo ngokomthetho.
Imvelaphi engaqhelekanga enethamsanqa elikhulu
Ukuze siqonde apho le ntlanzi ivela khona, kufuneka sibuyele ekuzaleni ngengozi okwenzeka kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo. Konke kwaqala ngokudibana kwemazi ye-Atlantic molly kunye nenkunzi ye-sailfin molly. Kule ntlanganiso yengozi, kwazalwa umnombo othi, kude nokuba yinyumba Njengoko kuqhele ukwenzeka ngeemule okanye iitigon, yafumana indlela yokuzigcina iphila ngonaphakade. Kukholelwa ukuba oku kuxutywa kokuqala kweentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwayinika isiseko semfuza esomeleleyo nesahlukeneyo kwasekuqaleni.
Ityala le-Amazon molly alingomdla nje kuphela kubathandi be-aquarium okanye abathandi bezilwanyana zasemzini, kodwa likwachaphazela ngqo isayensi yaseYurophu neyehlabathi jikelele. Ngokufunda indlela ezi zilwanyana ezilungisa ngayo iziphene zazo zemfuza, iindlela ezintsha zinokuvulwa ukuqonda izifo ezifana nomhlazaEkugqibeleni ezi ziziphumo zotshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ezingenakulungiseka kwiiseli zethu ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngumzekelo ogqibeleleyo wendlela indalo esele iziyile ngayo izisombululo esisazama ukuziqonda kwiilabhoratri.
Kuyamangalisa ukubona indlela intlanzi encinci kangaka ekwazi ngayo ukugcina isipili sifikelele kwimida yethu yesayensi. Emva kweminyaka eyiwaka yokusinda ngokuzimela, i-Amazon molly iyaqhubeka nokubonisa ukuba ubomi buhlala bufumana indlela, nokuba imithetho yokuzivelela kwezinto Kubonakala ngathi bathi imeko yabo ayinakwenzeka. Le ndlela yokuziphilisa ibubungqina bokuba sisenezinto ezininzi ekufuneka sizifunde malunga neemfihlo ezifihliweyo kwiindawo eziphilayo zomlambo weplanethi yethu.