La Itekhnoloji yokondla ekude ekulimeni iisalmon Izazisa njengenye yeenguqu ezinkulu kwi-aquaculture yanamhlanje. Ngokusebenzisa amagumbi olawulo aphakathi, kunokwenzeka ukulawula ukondliwa kwezigidi. de peces ikwiikhilomitha ezingamakhulu ukusuka apho, ngokusekelwe kwidatha yexesha langempela kunye neenkqubo zokubeka esweni eziphambili.
Ezi ntlobo zezisombululo, esele zisebenza kumazwe anesiko eliqinileyo lokulima iisalmon njengeChile, zisebenza umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo eYurophu naseSpainapho ulimo lwezilwanyana zasemanzini lufuna ukufumana ukhuphiswano, ukunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokutshintshela kwiimodeli ezizenzekelayo nezisekelwe kwisayensi.
Igumbi elondla amaziko okulima angaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-1.400 ukusuka apho
Omnye wemizekelo ecacileyo yale ndlela kukuphunyezwa kwe- igumbi lokutyela elikude elikwaziyo ukulawula amaziko okulima akwi-1.400 km ukusuka aphoKwiziko elinye elisemhlabeni, iingcali ezikhethekileyo zijonga kwaye zilawula ukondliwa kweentlanzi zesalmon kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba khona ngokwasemzimbeni kwiziko ngalinye lolwandle.
Kule modeli, inkampani isebenzisa iziseko ezivumela lawula ngexesha langempela ukondla abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-13 de peces isasazwe kwiifama zeentlanzi ezimalunga namashumi amabini. Umgama awusengomqobo: uqhagamshelo, isoftware ekhethekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zevidiyo kunye nezenzwa ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zivumela ukujonga indlela eziziphatha ngayo iintlanzi kunye nokugqiba ngoko nangoko ukuba zingakanani ukutya eziza kukubonelela ngako.
Uyilo lwale gumbi lwenziwe ngentsebenziswano neenkampani zobuchwepheshe kwicandelo lezolimo zasemanzini, ezifana neScaleAQ kwimeko yaseChile, ebonisa umanyano olukhulayo phakathi kweshishini lokulima isalmon kunye neenkampani zobuchwephesheLe ntsebenziswano ibalulekile ekuhlengahlengiseni izisombululo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha kwiimpawu ezithile zokusingqongileyo kolwandle.
Kubasebenzi bezobuchwephesha, ukusebenza kwigumbi lolawulo eliphakathi kukwabonisa utshintsho olukhulu: basuka ekusebenzeni kwiibhari okanye kwiindawo ezizimeleyo baye kwindawo efana neziko lokusebenza, enezikrini ezininzi, iinkqubo ezingafunekiyo, kunye neenkqubo ezimiselweyo. Ngale ndlela, Izigqibo malunga nokutya zisekelwe kakhulu kulwazi oluchanekileyo kunokuba kubonwe lula kwindawo ethile kwiziko ngalinye.
Olu hlobo lokusebenza kude, olusele luvavanyiwe kwaye luqinisekisiwe kubavelisi abakhulu besalmon, lubonisa indlela enokuba nomdla ngakumbi kubo Iindawo zaseYurophu zezolimo zasemanzini ezineemeko zemozulu ezinzimaapho ukunciphisa uhambo kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide elwandle kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko emsebenzini.
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo, izixhobo zokuvavanya kunye nedatha ekuncedeni iintlanzi
Intliziyo yetekhnoloji yokondla ekude ilele indibaniselwano yee-sensors, iinkqubo zokubeka esweni okuqhubekayo kunye nezixhobo zohlalutyo lwedathaIikhamera zangaphantsi kwamanzi, iiprobe, kunye nezixhobo zifakiwe kwiifama zeentlanzi ukuze kuqokelelwe ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye ukuziphatha kwesalmon.
Iikhamera zivumela ukujongwa kwangethuba kwendlela iintlanzi ezihamba ngayo, nokuba zihlasela ukutya, okanye ukuba ziqala ukubonisa iimpawu zokuhlutha. Kwangaxeshanye, iisensa ezithile ziqokelela idatha kwi ubushushu, ioksijini, imisinga kunye nezinye iiparameter zokusingqongileyo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umnqweno wokutya kunye nempilo-ntle yezilwanyana.
Lonke olu lwazi lufikelela kwigumbi lolawulo olukude, apho lucutshungulwa luze luboniswe kwiiphaneli zolawulo. Apho, abaqhubi banokulungisa ubungakanani kunye nesantya sokuhanjiswa kokutya, belungelelanisa ukutya ngokweemfuno zezilwanyana. iimeko zangoku kwikheji nganyeNgokungafaniyo nezicwangciso eziqinileyo ezisekelwe kwizabelo ezimiselweyo, le ndlela iguquguqukayo ivumela ukusabela kutshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha yembali kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemodeli zohlalutyo kunceda ekuchongeni ukusetyenziswa kunye neepateni zokukhulaNgoko ke, inkampani ingakwazi ukuphucula amaqhinga abo okutya, ukunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya nokuphucula amazinga okuguqulwa, oko kukuthi, ukusebenza kakuhle kweentlanzi eziguqukayo zitya zibe yi-biomass.
Kwiingxelo ezivela kubaphathi bezobugcisa ababandakanyeka kwezi ntlobo zeeprojekthi, kugxininiswa ukuba isitshixo kukusebenzisa ulwazi olufumaneka ngexesha langempela ukwenza izigqibo ezichanekileyo nezisekelwe kubungqinaNgokubeka uhlalutyo lwedatha kwindawo enye, iikhrayitheriya ziyalinganiswa kwaye umahluko phakathi kwamaziko uyancitshiswa, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi esasazekileyo ngokweendawo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle okunemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusebenza
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zokutya okukude kukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweziko lokulima iisalmonUkulungisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokutya ngokusekelwe kwindlela intlanzi eziphatha ngayo kunye neemeko zayo zemvelo kunceda ekusebenziseni ngcono amandla okutya, kunciphisa ukondla kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela, inkunkuma.
Xa kubonelelwa ngokutya okungaphezulu kunokuba iintlanzi zinokutya, ii-pellets ezitshona zingaginywanga ziba umthwalo owongezelelweyo wezinto eziphilayo phantsi kolwandle, okunokuba nefuthe kwindalo yasekuhlaleni. Ke ngoko, ukutya okucokisekileyo nokulawulekayo kunokuguqulela ekubeni yinxalenye encinci yesimo esingqongileyo sendawo.
Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwedatha kukwavumela ukubonwa kwangethuba kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezinje ngotshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha kweentlanzi ezinokunxulunyaniswa amanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini, ukubakho kwezifo, okanye utshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyoUkwenza izinto ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ilahleko nokukhusela impilo-ntle yezilwanyana.
Ngokwembono yeshishini, ukutya kweentlanzi yenye yezona ndleko ziphezulu kwimveliso yesalmon. Ke ngoko, naluphi na uphuculo ukuguqulwa kokutya kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko Inefuthe elithe ngqo kukhuphiswano. Ubuchwepheshe obukude bunegalelo kule njongo ngokuvumela ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwenkqubo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukugxininisa ukusebenza kwenkonzo yokutya kwigumbi eliphakathi kwenza kube lula ukumisela imigaqo-nkqubo, uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lwabasebenzi, kunye nokuphunyezwa iindlela ezilungileyo ezisekelwe kubungqina besayensiOku kunceda iinkampani zigcine umgangatho ohambelanayo wokusebenza kuzo zonke iindawo zazo, into exatyiswa ngakumbi ngabalawuli, amakhonkco okuhambisa kunye nabathengi.
Amava okuqala kunye nokuqatshelwa kwesikhungo
Kwimeko yaseLatin America, sele kukho iinkampani ezibalaseleyo ngokuba abokuqala ukondla zonke iindawo zabo zokulima bekudeLa manyathelo avuselele umdla weengcali eziphethe isayensi, ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ezibona ukulima iisalmon njengelabhoratri yokwenyani yokusebenzisa izisombululo zedijithali zoshishino eziphambili.
Kwenye yezi zinto, umphathiswa ovela kwicandelo elifanelekileyo utyelele ummandla apho iziko lokutyela elikude likhoyo okokuqala. Utyelele ezi zakhiwo, wajonga umsebenzi weqela, waza wafunda ngokwakhe indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi nkqubo. Umphathiswa wasebenzisa eli thuba uku ukuqaqambisa umzamo wetekhnoloji weli shishini Ugxininise ukuba kwicandelo lokufuya iisalmon, "izinto ezifanelekileyo ziyenzeka" ngokwembono yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha.
Ngethuba lotyelelo, wabelane ngemibono nabaphathi, iingcali kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yetekhnoloji yasekuhlaleni, kuquka nemibutho ezinikele ku ushishino kunye ne-biotechnologyKwiintlobo zeentlanganiso ezinjalo, kugxininiswa ukuba ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwedatha akuseyonto eyongezelelweyo, kodwa zizinto eziphambili zokukhuphisana kwezolimo zasemanzini.
Abaphathi abanxulumene necandelo lokutya nesondlo bachaze ukuba la magumbi akude amele inqanaba eliphezulu, kuba Zivumela ukwenziwa ngcono kweenkqubo zemveliso ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwexesha langempelaOkwangoku, amagosa emicimbi yolawulo agxininisa ukuba eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo kushishino kwaye luphawu olucacileyo lokuba ukulima iisalmon kuxhomekeke ngakumbi kwisayensi.
Olu lwazi lweziko kunye nolweshishini lunceda ekuqiniseni umbono wokuba ukuhanjiswa kokutya kude akusiyonto idlulayo, kodwa yinto ukuzibophelela ngobuchule kwixesha eliphakathi nelideAmava afunyenwe kwezi projekthi zokuqala aza kusebenza njengesiseko sokuphunyezwa okutsha, kokubini kwamanye amazwe avelisa imveliso nakwiindawo ezisakhulayo ezinomdla wokulima iisalmon kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi.
Amathuba eYurophu naseSpain kwizolimo zasemanzini eziphucukileyo
Nangona imizekelo ephambili yokondla kude okwangoku ifumaneka kubavelisi abakhulu besalmon kwiSouthern Hemisphere, le modeli inikezela izifundo eziluncedo kakhulu eYurophu, ingakumbi eSpainI-European Union ikhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqinisa ukulima iintlanzi emanzini okuzinzileyo, kwaye ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kuhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo naloo ajenda.
Kwimeko yaseSpain, apho imveliso yezilwanyana zasemanzini igxile kwiintlobo zezilwanyana ezifana ne-gilthead seabream, i-European seabass, okanye i-turbot, umdla kubuchwepheshe be- ukubeka esweni, ukuva kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo olukude Iyanda. Nangona iimeko zemozulu kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana zinokwahluka, ingqiqo yokusebenzisa idatha yexesha langempela ukulungisa ukutya inokudluliselwa ngokugqibeleleyo.
Amaziko ophando aseYurophu, kunye neenkampani zobuchwepheshe kunye nabavelisi bezolimo zasemanzini, banokusebenzisa amava okuqala okufuya iisalmon ukuze ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwezisombululo ezilungele imeko yendawoOku kuquka yonke into ukususela kuyilo lwesoftware ethile kunye nee-algorithms zokutya ezilungiselelweyo, ukuya ekudityanisweni kweekhamera kunye nee-sensors kwiikheyiji zaselwandle okanye kwizibonelelo ezisemhlabeni.
Ngaphezu koko, iimfuno zokulandeleka nokungafihlisi izinto kwiimarike zaseYurophu zifanelekile kwezi ntlobo zeenkqubo. Ulwazi oluveliswe ngamagumbi olawulo olukude lungasetyenziselwa ukurekhoda ngokweenkcukacha indlela, nini kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko apho iqela ngalinye londliwa khona de pecesLe yinto enomdla kubo bobabini abasemagunyeni kunye nabathengi bokugqibela.
ESpain, apho ukulima iintlanzi kuthathwa njengecandelo elinendawo yokukhula, ukuqhubela phambili ubuchwepheshe bokutya okukude kuhambelana neenjongo ezifana ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuncipha kokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo okuhambelana nokuhamba kunye nokudalwa kwemisebenzi enobuchule enxulumene nohlalutyo lwedatha kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo eziphambili.
Amava kwamanye amazwe abonisa ukuba ukwamkela ezi zixhobo akukhawulezi kwaye kufuna utyalo-mali, uqeqesho, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, abo bathathe inyathelo bagxininisa ukuba indibaniselwano ulawulo olukhulu, ukusetyenziswa ngcono kokutya kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusebenza Iyayilungisa imizamo yokuqala kwaye ivula iingcango zemodeli yokufuya iintlanzi eyomeleleyo neyamkelekileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Njengoko ukutya kwiintlanzi kude kungumzekelo obonakalayo, ukulima iisalmon kuba yindawo yokuvavanya Ukusetyenziswa kwedijithali kusetyenziswa elwandle nakwimveliso yokutya, indawo enamathuba amakhulu eYurophu, eSpain nakuyo nayiphi na indawo ezinikele ekukhuliseni ubutyebi beentlanzi ngendlela yetekhnoloji nenoxanduva lokusingqongileyo.
