Nodulosis kwiintlanzi: iimpawu, izizathu, unyango, kunye nokuthintela ngokupheleleyo

La nodulosis kwiintlanzi Sisifo esixhaphakileyo kwi-aquariums kunye namachibi, ebonakaliswa ikakhulu yi ukwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva okanye amaqhuqhuva esikhumbeni, kwiintsila, emaphikweni okanye ngaphakathi emzimbeni wentlanzi. Le pathology ibangelwa ikakhulu sisenzo se iincindi zamaqhuqhuva okwiqela le myxosporidia yaye, ngomkhamo onganeno, yifungi ethile emikroskopu. I-Nodulosis inokuba yingxaki enkulu yempilo kwintlanzi, ngakumbi ukuba ayibonwa kwangethuba, njengoko inika umngcipheko omkhulu wokusasazeka ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium ngokusebenzisa i-spores ezikhupha izifunxi-gazi emanzini.

Yintoni i-nodulosis kwintlanzi?

I-Nodulosis ligama elibandakanya izifo ezahlukeneyo ezibangelwa yi-unicellular organisms, ngakumbi myxosporidia, ezibangela ukubonakala kwamaqhuqhuva okanye izigaqa ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo kwiintlanzi. La maqhuma anokufumaneka zombini kumphezulu womzimba (isikhumba, amaphiko, iigill) nangaphakathi (imisipha kunye namalungu). Nje, nodulosis cysts Zinombala i-ocher eluhlaza, emhlophe, etyheli okanye i-translucent kunye nobukhulu bawo busuka kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwisentimitha. Ngaphakathi kwama-cysts, amawaka embewu ezondla kwiintlanzi eziziintlanzi kwaye zenza isiseko sosulelo lwezifo.

Ii-causative agents kunye nendlela yokusuleleka

Oonobangela abaphambili be-nodulosis Zizifunxi-gazi zeqela Myxosporea (myxosporidia), phakathi kwazo genera ezifana Myxobolus, Henneguya, Dermocystidium, IGlugea, Hoferellus, Ichthyosporidium y Nosema. Ezi izinto eziphilayo unicellular Zivelisa i-spores ezixhathisa kakhulu, ezikwazi ukuhlala ixesha elithile ngaphandle komkhosi kwaye zisasazeka emanzini. Umjikelo wobomi be-myxosporidians unokufuna iingingi zesibini, ezifana ne-mollusks okanye iintshulube zodaka.Tubificidae), nangona ngamanye amaxesha idluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kweentlanzi.

I-Spores, kanye kwindawo ehlala emanzini, ingaba ityiwe zezinye iintlanzi okanye ungene ngeembilini, ulusu, okanye amaphiko. I-parasite isebenzisa i-polar filament edubulayo kwaye ibambelele kwi-spore kwiiseli zentlanzi, ivumela i-sporozoites ukuba idlule, ephuhlayo ibe ngamaqhuqhuva. Kula maqhuqhuva okanye i-cysts, ukwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokuzala kwakhona kwe-parasite kwenzeka, okwenza i-spores entsha. Xa i-cyst ikhula, iyathamba kwaye ikhuphe i-spores kwindawo engqongileyo, iqale kwakhona umjikelo wosulelo kwindawo enye okanye enye intlanzi ekwi-aquarium.

Iimpawu ze-cysts: indawo kunye nokubonakala

Indawo yangaphandle: I-cysts idla ngokubonakala lula eluswini, phezu kwamaphiko kunye neegill. Kwezi ndawo, zibonakala njengezigaqa ezijikelezileyo, ezimbhoxo okanye ezingqukuva, i-ocher, emhlophe, etyheli, okanye eguquguqukayo ngombala.
Indawo yangaphakathi: Ngamanye amaxesha amaqhuqhuva akhula kwizihlunu okanye kumalungu angaphakathi, anjengesibindi, udakada, izintso, okanye amathumbu entlanzi. Kule meko, zibonakala kuphela xa isilwanyana sichithwa, ngaphandle kokuba sikhule kakhulu kwaye siguqule umzimba, sibangele ukuvuvukala.
Ubungakanani kunye nokumila: Ubungakanani be-cysts buhluka ukusuka kwimilimitha ukuya kwi-1 centimeter. Ngokuqhelekileyo zingqukuva okanye zi-oval, nangona zinokuba neemilo ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezinde.
Okuqukethwe: Ziqulunqwe ngee-spores kunye nezicubu ezidibeneyo ezivela kwintlanzi ngokwayo, ezama ukuhlukanisa usulelo.

Iintlobo de peces uqhelene ngakumbi nodulosis

I-Nodulosis ichaphazela iindidi ezininzi de peces amanzi acocekileyo kunye nolwandle, kodwa abanye banawo a ukwanda kokuchaphazeleka kuxhomekeke kwi-pathogen:

Iintente: Myxobolus cyprini kubangela izilonda kunye namaqhuqhuva axineneyo esikhumbeni kunye namaphiko.
IiBarbs kunye neLeuciscinae: ichatshazelwa ikakhulu yi Myxobolus pfeifferi.
Cypriniformes, ruffs kunye pikeperches: Myxobolus luciopercae Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela ukulimala kwangaphakathi.
Trichogaster, Botias, Synodontis: iimeko ezibhaliweyo kwiindawo ezihlala emanzini.
Neons, iikhadinali: kwezinye iingxelo, nangona zithandeka ngakumbi kwezinye izifo ze-parasitic.

Iimpawu ze-nodulosis kwiintlanzi

Ukuchonga i-nodulosis kwizigaba zayo zokuqala kunzima, kodwa ukubonakala kwama-cysts abonakalayo Idla ngokuba lolona phawu lubalaseleyo. Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo (yangaphandle okanye yangaphakathi), isimo somzimba wentlanzi, kunye neentlobo ezisulelekileyo:

Amaqhuma amancinci okanye amaqhuqhuva esikhumbeni kunye namaphiko, aluhlaza, amhlophe, i-ocher okanye atyheli ngombala, angqukuva ngokumile.
Ukudumba kwendawo (ubukhulu becala xa i-cyst ingaphakathi kunye nobukhulu obukhulu).
Ukubola kwamaphiko (isifo sebhaktiriya sesibini).
Ukubonakala kwezilonda okanye izilonda, ngamanye amaxesha zigqunywe nge-cottony mold, ezibonakala xa i-cyst iqhekeza.
Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga: ukungakhathali, ukubhukuda okucothayo okanye okungalungelelaniswanga, ukuphefumla nzima (xa iigill zichaphazeleka), ubuthathaka jikelele, ukuphelelwa ngumdla.
Ukuhamba kunye notyekelo lokuhlala kufutshane nomzantsi.
Ukufa ngokuthe ngcembe ekuqhambukeni okukhulu, ngakumbi kwi-fry okanye intlanzi ebuthakathaka.

Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ezinye iipathologies ezinxulumene nazo zinokuvela, njengosulelo lwebhaktheriya (ukubola kokugqibela, izilonda ezinzulu) okanye usulelo lomngundo (Saprolegnia, umzekelo).

Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo: indlela yokwahlula i-nodulosis kwezinye izifo

Ukwahlula i-nodulosis kwezinye izifo ezibangelayo amaqhakuva, amaqhakuva, okanye amaqhuma eluswini lwentlanzi lunokuba nzima, kuba kukho ii-pathologies ezinje i-lymphocystitis yentsholongwane okanye amathumba athile anobungozi/anobungozi avelisa izilonda ezifanayo. I ukuxilongwa ngokuqinisekileyo Ifuna uqwalaselo oluncinci lwe-cysts kunye nohlalutyo lwe-histopathological:

Yahlula ngononophelo amaqhuqhuva kwindawo echaphazelekayo (yeyona nto ingcono yenziwe ngugqirha wezilwanyana okhethekileyo).
Yaphula imixholo ye-cyst kwaye uyihlalutye phantsi kwe-microscope, ukhangele Iimpawu ze-spores ze-myxosporidia (isakhiwo esinekhava eqinile, iivalve ezimbini, ii-capsules zepolar ezinemicu ephothiweyo ngokujikeleza).
Kwiintlanzi ezifileyo, i-necropsy inokubonisa ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kumalungu angaphakathi.

Ukuxilongwa okungafaniyo ngundoqo, njengoko unyango oluthile luhluka kakhulu phakathi kwezifo ze-parasitic, i-viral, kunye ne-bacterial.

Iindlela zothumelo kunye nemiba yomngcipheko

I-nodulosis isasazeka kakhulu ukungeniswa kwembewu eyosulelayo ekhoyo emanzini okanye edityaniswe nokutya okuphilayo (umzekelo, i-crustaceans, i-tubifex, iimbungu zodaka). I-spores nayo inokungena ngamanxeba okanye i-abrasions kwi-epithelium yentlanzi. Umngcipheko wosulelo uyenyuka kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezihlala emanzini aneemeko zokungacoceki, okanye xa kusetyenziswa ukutya okungavavanywanga.

Los iintsholongwane ezinoxanduva Bangakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kweentlanzi ezibambayo, okwandisa ubunzima bokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo isifo kwinkqubo yasemanzini.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngokubanzi, I-Myxosporidia kunye nezinye ii-arhente ze-nodulosis zibonisa ukuchaneka komkhosi; oko kukuthi, uhlobo ngalunye lwezimfimfithi luchaphazela ngokukhethekileyo iintlanzi ezithile hayi lonke uluntu, nangona uqhambuko lweentlobo ngeentlobo luyenzeka ngamaxesha athile kwiindawo ezihlala emanzini.

I-Evolution kunye ne-prognosis ye-nodulosis kwiintlanzi

La I-Nodulosis ingenzeka ngendlela engapheliyo okanye ebukhali, kuxhomekeke kwintsholongwane ye-parasite kunye nokuxhathisa kwentlanzi. Usulelo oluthambileyo, oluhlala kwindawo lunokuthi lungabonakali kwaye alubeki engozini ubomi beentlanzi, ngakumbi ukuba i-cysts ayibangeli izilonda zangaphakathi okanye usulelo lwesibini. Nangona kunjalo, xa a usulelo oluninzi, i-prognosis ingaba yingozi, ibangela ukufa ngokuthe ngcembe kwemizekelo echaphazelekayo, ngakumbi kwi-fry, intlanzi ebuthathaka okanye iintlobo ezithinteka kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-immune system yentlanzi inobunzima obukhulu ekupheliseni usulelo ngokwalo, njengoko ii-parasites zihlala zifakwe kwi-tissue edibeneyo, ehlala isebenza kwaye ikhupha i-spores.

Unyango lwe-nodulosis kwiintlanzi: ngaba kukho unyango olusebenzayo?

Okwangoku, alukho unyango olusebenzayo jikelele nolungqiniweyo ngokwenzululwazi. Ukuphelisa i-myxosporidian nodulosis kwiintlanzi zokuhombisa kunye ne-aquarium. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nonyango olunokunceda ukulawula isifo, ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwayo, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi beentlanzi ezichaphazelekayo. Eyona ndlela ibanzi ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukubekwa wedwa kunye nokuzivalela

Yahlula iintlanzi ezichaphazelekayo ngoko nangoko ukusuka kwitanki engundoqo, ukubadlulisela esibhedlele okanye kwi-quarantine aquarium.
Gwema ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo nezinye iintlanzi kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezihlukeneyo (inetha, i-siphon, iibhakethi zamanzi, njl.).
Ukuba itanki yokuvalelwa ayinakusekwa kwaye iintlanzi ezichaphazelekayo zimbalwa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba zisuswe ngokusisigxina ukukhusela uluntu lwe-aquarium ngokubanzi.

2. Ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokucoca

Ngokucokisekileyo bulala iintsholongwane kwi-aquarium ephambili (ngaphandle kweentlanzi kwaye ngaphandle kweefilitha zebhayoloji) kunye nazo zonke izinto ezinokuthi zibonakaliswe kwi-spores: i-thermometers, inetha, izihlungi, igravel, umhlobiso.
Sebenzisa izibulali ntsholongwane ezifanelekileyo zasemanzini (i-potassium permanganate, i-hypochlorite, i-3% ye-hydrogen peroxide, njl.) kwaye uhlambe ngocoselelo phambi kokuba ubuyisele izilwanyana.
Yenza utshintsho lwamanzi rhoqo kwaye ujonge umgangatho wamanzi kunye nemilinganiselo ezinzileyo kunye neyona nto ifanelekileyo yohlobo.

3. Unyango losulelo lwesibini

Iintsholongwane kunye nosulelo lomngundo Ngokuqhelekileyo zihamba kunye ne-nodulosis kwaye zikhawuleza ukuwohloka kweentlanzi ezichaphazelekayo.
Sebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ezifana i-malachite eluhlaza, i-methylene blue, i-acriflavine okanye ezinye iimveliso ezifumaneka kwiivenkile ezizodwa ukunyanga ulusu kunye nokulimala kwamaphiko.
Sebenzisa antibiotics ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana (efana ne-oxytetracycline, i-amoxicillin, okanye i-chloramphenicol) phantsi komyalelo kagqirha, ngakumbi ukuba izilonda ze-ulcerative zibanzi. Sukuzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwi-aquarium ephambili ngaphandle kokuba kunyanzelekile, njengoko zinokutshabalalisa i-bacterial flora enenzuzo kwizihluzi.

4. Ukuphucula imeko jikelele yeentlanzi kunye nokusingqongileyo

nikela a ukutya okwahlukeneyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, ukulungelelaniswa kwiimfuno zeentlobo (i-extruded best, i-live or frozen food, ukuphepha amaxhoba aphilayo ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sempilo).
Lungiselela iimeko zamanzi zokusingqongileyo: Gcina iqondo lobushushu, i-pH, ubulukhuni kunye ne-oxygen phakathi kwamaxabiso acetyiswayo kwiintlobo ezigciniweyo.
Qaphela inxenye yamanzi itshintsha yonke imihla okanye rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbini ngexesha lokuvalelwa, ukonyusa kancinci iqondo lobushushu ukuba uhlobo luyayinyamezela ukuvuselela ukusabela komzimba.
Nciphisa uxinzelelo ngokuphepha ukuxinana, ingxolo, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo, kunye nokuphatha ngokungeyomfuneko.

5. Iindlela ezizezinye nakwiimeko ezithile

Kwiintlanzi ezinkulu kunye nakwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, oogqirha bezilwanyana ezikhethekileyo banokususa ngokuhlinzwa ama-cysts angaphandle phantsi kwe-sedation. Obu buchule bufuna amava kunye neemeko ezinyumba.
Kukho iingxelo zokuhlambela ityuwa ye-non-iodine (i-3 ukuya kwi-5 iigremu kwilitha nganye kwi-5-10 imizuzu, ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini), kodwa ukusebenza kwabo akuvunyelwanga jikelele kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuqaphela.
Ezinye unyango antiparasite (metronidazole, toltrazuril) ziye zasetyenziswa kwiintlobo de peces ixabiso lentengiso okanye eliphezulu, kodwa lihlala liphantsi komyalelo kagqirha wezilwanyana kunye nolawulo.
Ukuphelisa i-spore emanzini, iiprothokholi zovavanyo lwemitha ye-UV ziye zacetywa kwiindawo zobuchwephesha, nangona zingafumaneki kwii-aquariums zasekhaya.

6. Ukubingelela ngobuntu

Kwiimeko ezinzima okanye ukuqhambuka okungalawulekiyo, iincwadi ezikhethekileyo kunye noogqirha bezilwanyana abaninzi bacebisa ukususwa okungenabuhlungu kwezona ntlanzi zichaphazeleka kakhulu ukuqhawula umjikelo wosulelo kunye nokukhusela abanye abantu.

Iimveliso kunye neziyobisi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwe-nodulosis

Metronidazole: Isetyenziselwa ukulawula usulelo lweprotozoan. Umthamo oqhelekileyo: Ithebhulethi eyi-1 ngeelitha ezingama-20-30 zamanzi, ukuphinda unyango rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-48, phantsi kweliso lochwepheshe.
I-Oxytetracycline, i-amoxicillin, i-chloramphenicolAmayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziswa kuphela xa kukho usulelo lwesibini lwebhaktiriya. Ngalo lonke ixesha ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wezilwanyana kwaye usebenzise itanki yasesibhedlele.
I-Malachite eluhlaza, i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-acriflavine: Izibulala-ntsholongwane ezibanzi zokunyanga izilonda zolusu nokuthintela ukosuleleka ngamandla.
Iibhafu zetyuwa ngaphandle kwe-iodine: njengonyango oluncedisayo, ingakumbi usulelo olungephi lwangaphandle. Faka isicelo kwisantya se-3 ukuya kwi-5 grams ilitha nganye kwi-5-10 imizuzu, kanye ngosuku. Nikelani ingqalelo ekuziphatheni kweentlanzi ukuphepha uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic.
Iimveliso ezithengiswa kwiivenkile ezizodwa usulelo lwesibini, soloko ulandela imiyalelo yomenzi.

Ukuthintela i-nodulosis kwi-aquariums kunye namachibi

Eyona ndlela ingcono yokulwa namaqhuqhuva kungokusebenzisa a uthintelo olungqongqo kunye nokugcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo ze-aquarium. Amanyathelo angundoqo okuthintela aquka:

Ukuvalwa kwentlanzi entsha kunye nezityalo ngaphambi kokuzongeza kwi-aquarium.
- Gcina abemi abatsha kwiiveki ezi-2-4 kwitanki eyahlukileyo, ukujonga ukubonakala kweempawu.
Ucoceko olungqongqo yetanki kunye nazo zonke izixhobo: ukucocwa rhoqo kwezantsi, ukuhlobisa kunye nezihlungi.
Ulawulo lwamanzi kunye nohlalutyo: Iiparamitha ezifana nobushushu, i-pH, ubulukhuni, i-nitrites, i-nitrate kunye ne-ammonia kufuneka zibekwe esweni kwaye zigcinwe zizinzile.
Kuphephe ukuxinana kunye noxinzelelo lokuhlalisana ngenkani kweentlobo ezingahambelaniyo.
Sebenzisa kuphela ukutya okukhuselekileyo nokusemgangathweni: Kuphephe ukutyisa ukutya okuphilayo okuqokelelwe endle okanye okunemvelaphi ethandabuzekayo, kunye neecrustaceans zasendle ezinokuthwala iimbewu ezosulelayo.
Zibekele bucala ngoko nangoko intlanzi ebonisa iimpawu ezirhanelekayo.
Ukubonelela ngolwazi lwezempilo kunye nemfundo phakathi kwee-aquarists kunye nabafuyi ukuthintela ukuqaliswa kunye nokusasazeka kwezifo ze-parasitic.

Umahluko phakathi kwamaqhuqhuva kunye nezinye izifo zamaqhuqhuva kwiintlanzi

Kubalulekile ukuba ungabhidanisi i-parasitic nodulosis kunye nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo ze-aquarium:

I-Viral lymphocystitis: Ebonakala ngokubonakala kwamaqhuqhuva amhlophe, ngokuqhelekileyo imvelaphi yentsholongwane kwaye ayihambelani ne-myxosporidia. I-prognosis kunye nolawulo luyahluka.
Papillomas kunye namathumba: ukukhula kwezicubu ezingaqhelekanga, ezinokuthi zibe nobungozi okanye ziyingozi. Azisosuleli kwaye azikhuphi iintsholongwane.
I-Trematode cysts: Zikwabangela amaqhuma, kodwa ngokubanzi kunye notyekelo oluncinci lokubangela izilonda kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wosulelo ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium.

Xa uthandabuza, ukuxilongwa ngemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana okhethekileyo kubalulekile kunyango olululo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga ne-nodulosis kwiintlanzi

Ngaba i-nodulosis inokuchaphazela zonke iintlanzi ezikwi-aquarium? Akunjalo rhoqo. Kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ze-parasite kunye nokuba sengozini kwentlanzi nganye. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuleleka ngokubanzi kunokwenzeka ukuba ucoceko kunye namanyathelo okuthintela awathathwa.
Ngaba lukhona unyango lwe-nodulosis? Alukho unyango oluqinisekileyo olwamkelwa lihlabathi jikelele lwe-nodulosis. Unyango lunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka, kugxininise ekunakekelweni kwendalo kunye nokuthintela.
Ngaba inokudluliselwa ebantwini? Hayi, i-nodulosis sisifo esithile de peces kwaye ayibeki mngcipheko ebantwini.
Loluphi uhlobo logqirha wezilwanyana odibana naye kwiimeko ezinzima? Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane noogqirha bezilwanyana abaziingcali kwizilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga okanye zasemanzini, njengoko zinokuxilonga ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye zilungelelanise unyango.
Nini euthanize intlanzi eyosulelekileyo? Xa isilwanyana sinokulimala kakhulu, sibandezeleka ngokucacileyo, asikwazi ukuzondla ngokwaso, okanye ukuqhambuka kusongela uluntu lonke, kukhethwa ukukhetha iindlela zobuntu ze-euthanasia kunye ne-disinfection epheleleyo elandelayo.

Iimeko zokwenyani kunye namava kwii-aquariums

Uncwadi kunye noluntu lwase-aquarium lubhale iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo ze nodulosis kwiintlobo ezifana Trichogaster, barbs, koi carp kunye ramirezisKwabaninzi babo, i ukwahlukana kwangoko yentlanzi kunye nokudibanisa Iibhafu zetyuwa, i-antiseptics kunye ne-antibiotics kwizifo zesibini inike iziphumo ezingaphelelanga, kodwa ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo i-parasite kunqabile ukuba kuphunyezwe ukuba amaqhuqhuva angaphakathi asele evele.

Abanye abantu abanomdla wokuzilibazisa baye bazama unyango olufana neebhafu zetyuwa ezingenayo i-iodine (3-5 grams / ilitha, imizuzu emi-5-10 imihla ngemihla ngeentsuku ezili-10-14) kwaye zihlala zihamba kunye nokuqwalasela ngokucophelela ukuphepha uxinzelelo.

Usulelo lwesibini (i-fungal, ibhaktheriya) ngokuqhelekileyo lufuna unyango kunye ne-malachite eluhlaza, i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye i-adaptha yeemveliso zorhwebo, rhoqo ngaphandle kokugqithisa iidosi ezicetyiswayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha i ukutya okutyebileyo nokwahlukeneyo Igcina intlanzi yomelele kwaye ikwazi ukujamelana nosulelo ixesha elide, ngakumbi ukuba indawo yamaqhuqhuva ayichaphazeli izitho ezibalulekileyo.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zolawulo lwe-nodulosis kwiintlanzi

Bhala iimeko zeklinikhi kwirekhodi, ukuqaphela imihla yokuqala, iimpawu, unyango olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nendaleko.
Qaphela ngononophelo ukuziphatha kwemihla ngemihla kweentlanzi: Utshintsho kumdla wokutya, ukuqubha, ukunxulumana nabantu, okanye iimpawu zoxinzelelo lunokuba luphawu lweengxaki zempilo nokuba akukho maqhuqhuva acacileyo abonwayo.
Zama ukwenza uhlalutyo lwamanzi ngamaxesha athile ukubona ubukho bezinto ezingcolisayo ezinokuthi zenze buthathaka ukhuseleko lwentlanzi.
Kuphephe ukuzinyanga kwaye usoloko unxibelelana neengcali zonyango lwezilwanyana ezichwephesha kwiintlanzi ze-aquarium nanini na kunokwenzeka.

Uluhlu lweencwadi ezicetyiswayo kunye nemithombo

Ukubona kunye nokulawula i-nodulosis kwiintlanzi kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiinkcukacha, uthintelo olusebenzayo, kunye nokhathalelo oluqhubekayo lwe-aquarium. Nangona lungekabikho unyango oluqinisekileyo lwesi sifo, indibaniselwano yokwahlukaniswa, uthintelo, ukuphuculwa kokusingqongileyo, kunye nonyango oluphawulwayo lunokuqinisekisa ubomi obundilisekileyo kwiintlanzi ezichaphazelekayo kunye nokuthintela ukuqhambuka okukhulu kwi-aquarium. Ukuba uyathandabuza, ukubonisana nogqirha wezilwanyana okhethekileyo kuhlala kuyeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwimpilo yentlanzi yakho.

Depeces