Omnye wemibuzo emikhulu kuyo nayiphi na i-neophyte kwi-aquariums inento yokwenza neyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu apho iintlanzi zihamba khona, amanzi. Yiyo loo nto izihluzi ze-reverse osmosis ze-aquariums zingumxholo oxoxwa kakhulu kwaye yindlela entle yokugcina iintlanzi zakho zisempilweni, zigcina iiparameter ezizinzileyo nezilawulwayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Emva koko siza kuthetha Zonke iintlobo zezihloko ezinxulumene nefilitha ye-osmosis ye-aquariumUmzekelo, yintoni amanzi e-reverse osmosis, ahluke njani kumanzi e-osmosis, zeziphi izigaba zokucoca eziqhelekileyo, zigcinwa njani izixhobo, zeziphi iiparameter ekufuneka uzijonge, kunye neenzuzo zokwenyani zokuba nenkqubo enjalo ekhaya. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba unomdla kwesi sihloko, sikwacebisa ukuba ufunde eli nqaku linye malunga Isihluzo se-Eheimkuba indibaniselwano yokuhluzwa kakuhle koomatshini kunye namanzi asemgangathweni sisiseko sayo nayiphi na i-aquarium ezinzileyo.
Iifilitha ze-osmosis ezilungileyo ze-aquariums
Kwimarike uya kuyifumana iinkqubo ezithile ze-reverse osmosis ze-aquariums kunye nezinye ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ekhaya ezinokusetyenziselwa i-aquarium. Isitshixo kukwazi. umthamo wayo wokucoca wemihla ngemihlainani lezigaba eziqukayo kunye nokulula kokufumana iindawo ezingasetyenziswanga.
Iimodeli ezisisiseko zihlala zibonelela Amanqanaba ama-3 okuhluza (isihluzi sediment, i-activated carbon, kunye ne-reverse osmosis membrane), yanele ii-aquariums ezininzi zasekhaya. Iinkqubo ezipheleleyo zongeza amanqanaba okupholisha okanye okuvuselela iminerali, iluncedo kakhulu xa ufuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi kwikhemistri yamanzi.
Yintoni amanzi e-osmosis kwii-aquariums?
Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni i-osmosis yamanzi ye-aquarium, Kufuneka siqale siqonde ukuba amanzi angena ekhayeni lethu anjaniNgoko ke, amanzi anokwahlulwahlulwa abe ngathambileyo okanye aqinileyo, la manzi abizwa ngokuba Ubulukhuni bamanziNgokuxhomekeke kubungakanani beetyuwa zeeminerali ezikuyo, ikakhulu icalcium kunye nemagnesium, kokukhona inzima, kokukhona inokuba yingozi kwimpilo yeentlanzi zakho… kunye nemibhobho yakho.
Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezininzi ezine amanzi ane-calcium eninzi Ukuqokelelana kwe-limescale kwimibhobho nakwizixhobo zombane kuhlala kunjalo, kangangokuba phantse kuyimfuneko ukufaka isithambisi samanzi ukuba awufuni ukuphelelwa yimibhobho yonke imihla. Oko kugqithisileyo kweeminerali Umonakalo obangelwa yimibhobho yasekhaya nawo uqokelelana kwi-aquarium, nto leyo ebangela ubulukhuni obuninzi kwaye ibangele iingxaki kwixesha eliphakathi.
Ungacinga njani Amanzi anjalo akanconywa, nokuba kuncinci kwiintlanzi zakhoKulapho ke amanzi e-reverse osmosis aqala khona ukusebenza, okukuvumela ukuba uqale kwisiseko esingenakungcola kwaye ulungise iiparameters ukuze zihambelane noko uhlobo olugcinayo lukufuna ngokwenene.
Amanzi e-Osmosis, okanye amanzi e-reverse osmosis, ngamanzi apho phantse zonke iityuwa zeminerali kunye nokungcola kususiwe khona.Isiphumo kukuba amanzi acocekileyo kakhulu asemgangathweni ophezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba anconywe kakhulu kwimpilo yeentlanzi zakho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwezi zilwanyana, njengoko amanzi eyindawo yazo yokuhlala yendalo eqhubekayo, kwaye naluphi na ukungalingani kwikhemikhali yawo kuchaphazela ngqo.
Ngaphezu koko, ezi zilwanyana zinovelwano kakhulu pH kunye Ubulukhuni bamanzi (GH kunye ne-KH), kwaye ekubeni iiminerali kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zinokuzitshintsha kakhulu, kungcono kakhulu ukuba namanzi asemgangathweni ophezulu uze uwaphinde uwasebenzise ngokweemfuno ze-aquarium. Amanzi e-osmosis abuyiselwe kakuhle Inceda ukuqhelana neentlobo ezininzi ezibuthathaka kwaye inciphisa uxinzelelo ngexesha lokutshintsha kwamanzi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo Le nkqubo ifezekiswa kusetyenziswa isihluzi se-osmosis esibuyela umva (esiza kuxoxa ngayo ngezantsi) kwaye akufuneki ukongeza naziphi na iikhemikhali emanzini ukuze acoceke. Le nkqubo isekelwe ekuhluzweni ngoomatshini kunye ne-membrane engangeni manzi egcina amasuntswana angafunekiyo.
Yintoni isihluzo se-osmosis kwi-aquarium?
Njengoko besitshilo ngasentla, oku akufezekiswa ngokongeza nayiphi na into yamachiza, kodwa ukunyanzela amanzi ukuba adlule kuthotho lwezigaba zokucoca ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo (iidimenti, i-activated carbon kunye ne-reverse osmosis membrane, phakathi kwezinye). Ngale ndlela, amanzi "acolwa" inyathelo ngenyathelo de abe ngamanzi acocekileyo, kodwa afunyanwe ngendlela elawulwayo nefanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwii-aquariums.
Isebenza njani isihluzo se-osmosis?
Ngokuyinene, Igama layo sele libonisa ukuba isihluzi se-osmosis sisebenza njani, kuba yenziwe ngohlobo lwe-membrane ekwaziyo ukungena emanzini evumela amanzi ukuba adlule kodwa igcina ukungcola esithethe ngako ngasentla ngomthamo omkhulu kune-micron ethile (ngesiqhelo yi-0,001 microns kwii-membrane ze-reverse osmosis ze-aquariums).
Esi sixhobo sikwasebenzisa i- uxinzelelo kumacala omabini e-membrane ukufumana iintlobo ezimbini zamanzi: amanzi aphuma kwi-reverse osmosis, angenazo zonke izinto ezingcolileyo, kunye namanzi aphuma kwi-reject water, apho ezi zinto zingcolileyo zixineneyo. Umlinganiselo phakathi kwamanzi acocekileyo namanzi aphuma kwi-reject water uya kuxhomekeka kwizixhobo, uxinzelelo olusebenzayo, kunye nobushushu bamanzi angenayo.
Kwakhona, Ngokutsho komenzi, kunokubakho izihluzo ezihlanu ezahlukeneyo. ukuze kubanjwe ukungcola okuninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kufike kwi-membrane kwaye njengesigaba esilandelayo sokupholisha. Umzekelo, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokucoca amanzi ibandakanya:
- Un isihluzi sokuqala sedaka Le khatriji isusa inkunkuma enkulu efana nodaka, uthuli, igrabile, kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo emanzini. Ngokwesiqhelo inobukhulu obuzii-microns ezi-5 kwaye injongo yayo kukukhusela ezinye izihluzi ekubeni zivaleleke ngamasuntswana amakhulu.
- El icebo lokucoca lekhabhoni Ivumela ukususwa kweentsalela ezincinci, ezifana ne-chlorine, ii-chloramines, izibulali-zinambuzane ezithile, iikhompawundi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo, iityhefu, kunye neentsimbi ezinzima, kunye nokufunxa ivumba. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuba i-chlorine yonakalisa i-reverse osmosis membrane ukuba ayisuswanga kwangaphambili.
- Un Isihluzi sesithathu, senziwe ngekhabhon, ebizwa ngokuba yiblokhon blockInoxanduva lokuqhubeka nokususa iintsalela kwinyathelo elidlulileyo (i-chlorine eseleyo, ii-organic compounds, ii-heavy metals, njl.njl.) kunye nokugqiba ukufunxwa kwevumba. Isebenza njengesigaba sokucoca ngaphambi kokuba i-membrane iqale.
- i-reverse osmosis membrane Yintliziyo yenkqubo. Kulapho uninzi lweetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye namasuntswana amancinci agcinwa khona. I-membrane ihluza ukuya kuthi ga kubungakanani obumalunga ne-0,001 microns, ngoko ke amanzi adlula kuyo anomthwalo omncinci kakhulu wezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo.
- Kwaye ezinye izihluzi zibandakanya ukuqhuba kwamanzi ifayibha yekhokhonathi okanye isihluzi sekhabhoni emva kwekhabhoni ukubonelela nge-pH elungeleleneyo, ukuphucula incasa ukuba ikwasetyenziselwa ukutyiwa ngabantu, okanye ukwenza nje ukupolisha amanzi okokugqibela.
Kwizixhobo eziphucukileyo kuqhelekile ukongeza ii-resins ezisusa iiminerali Njengenyathelo lokugqibela, ezi resin zisetyenziselwa ukugqiba ukususwa kwazo naziphi na ii-ion ezinokuthi zihlale emva kwe-membrane, nto leyo ephumela emanzini ane-TDS esondele kakhulu kwi-zero. Ziluncedo ngakumbi kwii-aquarium ezifuna kakhulu, ezifana neetanki ze-reef okanye iitanki ze-shrimp ezithambileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, Ekubeni iyinkqubo ecothayo, uninzi lwezihluzo luquka itanki ecinezelweyo. ukuqokelela amanzi e-reverse osmosis. Kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zasekhaya, ezi tanki zihlala zibamba malunga neelitha ezisi-8, nangona ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-aquariums abantu abaninzi bakhetha iitanki ezinkulu okanye iidrama zokugcina amanzi.
Isihluzo samanzi se-osmosis sihlala ixesha elingakanani?
Ubomi benkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva kunye nenxalenye nganye yayo Kuxhomekeke kumenzi kunye nomgangatho kunye nobunzima bamanzi angenayo. kunye nendlela oyisebenzisa ngayo. Ayizizo zonke izinto ezitshintsha ngexesha elinye okanye ngesantya esifanayo.
Ngokubanzi, abavelisi abaninzi Bacebisa ukutshintsha izihluzi zangaphambili (i-sediment kunye ne-carbon) rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo. Ukugcina ezi zihluzo zangaphambili zikwimeko entle kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ubomi be-membrane, njengoko ziyikhusela kwi-chlorine, uthuli olurhabaxa, kunye neekhompawundi ezinokuyonakalisa.
La umva inwebu ye-osmosis Yeyona ndawo ibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ikwayeyona ibiza kakhulu. Ixesha layo lokuphila lihlala liphakathi kwe Iminyaka ye-1 kunye ne-3 Kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wamanzi, uxinzelelo lokusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili kwesihluzo. Kukho iinkqubo kunye neemeko apho i-membrane inokuhlala ixesha elide, kwaye ezinye kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba iiparameters azineliseki.
Inkqubo ye-reverse osmosis ngokwayo, ukuba igcinwe kakuhle kwaye ilungiswa, iya kusebenza ngokuchanekileyo. ukugcinwa rhoqo kokuthintelaInokuhlala iminyaka emininzi. Abanye abavelisi bathi itshasi kunye noqhagamshelo zinokusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ngaphandle kweengxaki, ukuba nje ukuvuza, izitywino kunye nomonakalo onokubakho woomatshini kuyajongwa.
Endaweni yokugxila kwiminyaka embalwa kuphela, kuyacetyiswa kakhulu Jonga umgangatho wamanzi aveliswayo usebenzisa imitha ye-TDS (IiSolids eziDilisiweyo zizonke) kwaye uhlalutye iiparameter ezisisiseko (pH, GH, KH). Ukuba uqaphela ukuba amanzi aphumayo aqala ukubonisa izinto eziqinileyo ezininzi ezinyibilikisiweyo okanye ubunzima obuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nokwesiqhelo, lixesha lokutshintsha izihluzi okanye i-membrane.
Izibonelelo zokuba nesefile ye-osmosis ye-aquarium
Njengoko ubonile kweli nqaku, ukuba nesihluzo se-osmosis esibuyela umva kwi-aquarium yingcinga enomdla kakhulu. Kodwa, ukuba usenamathandabuzo, silungiselele i- uluhlu olunezona zinto ziluncedo kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ezisebenzayo:
- Njengoko besitshilo, amanzi e-osmotic kufanelekile ukuba abe kwi-aquarium, kuba uyaqiniseka ukuba kunjalo amanzi acocekileyo kakhuluOko kukuthi, inezinga eliphantsi kakhulu leentsimbi ezinzima, i-chlorine, ii-chloramines, kunye neetyuwa zeminerali kunamanzi epompo. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokurhawuzelelwa zii-gill, iingxaki zesikhumba, kunye noxinzelelo olungapheliyo kwiintlanzi.
- Ngokunciphisa ubulukhuni kunye nomthwalo ongcolisayo ukuya phantse kwi-zero, ufumana uhlobo "lwekhanvasi engenanto"Ukusuka kweso siseko, ungawavuselela amanzi ngeetyuwa ezithile ze-aquarium, ulungise i-GH, i-KH kunye ne-pH ngokuchanekileyo ngokwe-biotope: iitanki zase-Amazonian, zase-Asia, zase-Afrika, zaselwandle, zee-shrimp, njl.
- Enyanisweni, Iintlanzi zinokuthathwa njengohlobo lwesixhobo sokuhluza sendalo.Bahlula ioksijini abayidingayo ukuze baphile emanzini, beshiya ukungcola ngasemva. Xa amanzi engcoliswe kakhulu, ubanyanzela ukuba benze lo msebenzi kwindawo engafanelekanga, nto leyo eyandisa umgudu wabo womzimba. Ngamanzi ahluziweyo kakuhle e-reverse osmosis, imeko-bume ilunge ngakumbi.
- Enye inzuzo ecacileyo yokuba nesihluzi se-reverse osmosis kukuba Inceda ekugcinweni kwe-aquarium ixesha elide.. en ezityalwe emanziniUmzekelo, uya kuphepha ukuqokelelana kakhulu kwe-calcium kunye ne-magnesium okunokuthintela ukufunxwa kwezinye izondlo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukuvela kokungabikho kwezakhamzimba kunye nezinye iingxaki ze-algae.
- Kwakhona, Amanzi e-Osmosis avumela ukukhula okunempilo kwezityalo zasemanzini ezilawulwayo eziphezulu kunye nezityalo zasemanzini. Zombini ii-aquarium zamanzi acocekileyo namanzi anetyuwa zinokunyamezela ulwelwe, ukuba nje zihamba kunye nokuchumisa okufanelekileyo kunye nokukhanya okuhle. Izityalo ezininzi ezikhaphethi kunye neentlobo ezibuthathaka azikhuli kakuhle emanzini aqinileyo empompini. Ukuze uqonde ngcono indlela ulwelwe oluchaphazela ngayo ii-aquarium, qhagamshelana nesikhokelo sethu malunga ubukho be-algae kwi-aquarium.
- Kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi zaselwandle nakwiindawo zokudada, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi angena kwi-osmosis kubaluleke kakhulu. Imixube yetyuwa eyenziweyo yenzelwe ukunyibilika emanzini aneeminerali ezimbalwa kakhulu.Ukuba usebenzisa amanzi empompini aneephosphates ezininzi, ii-silicates, okanye ii-nitrates, uza kugqibela uneentyantyambo ze-algae, i-cyanobacteria, kunye neekorale ezibuthathaka. Funda okungakumbi apha i-aquarium yamanzi anetyuwa.
- Ekugqibeleni, Amanzi osmosis anokukugcinela imali Ngexesha eliphakathi, xa uthenga iiresini, iiconditioner okanye iikhemikhali ze-aquarium yakho, isiseko sokusebenza sizinzile ngakumbi kwaye asidingi zilungiso ziqatha.
Njengenzuzo eyongezelelweyo, abantu abaninzi abathanda ukusebenzisa le nkqubo ye-reverse osmosis ukuze fumana amanzi okusela osaphoUsebenzisa ikhatriji yokugqibela elungisa i-pH kwaye izalise inani elincinci leeminerali eziluncedo, uphinda ubuyisele imali yakho kwizixhobo.
Kwezinye iimeko kufuneka ndisebenzise isihluzo se-aquarium osmosis?
Akufuneki ukuba, kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba unayo i-aquarium kwaye ufuna ukuphucula ubomi beentlanzi zakhoNangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko apho itshintsha ukusuka ekubeni yinto ecetyiswayo ukuya ekubeni yinto enyanzelekileyo:
- Amanzi akummandla wakho akumgangatho ophantsi. Ngaphandle kokufuna ulwazi kwimithombo esemthethweni, sinezinye iindlela zokufumanisa, umzekelo, ngokubuza kwiholo yedolophu, ukufumana ikhithi yokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi, ukujonga ixabiso le-TDS ngemitha, okanye nokusebenzisa indlela eyenziwe ekhaya (umzekelo, ngokuyibeka ekukhanyeni nokukhangela imikhondo yokungcola, okanye ngokuvumela iglasi enecephe leswekile ihlale iiyure ezingama-24. Ukuba emva kwelo xesha amanzi agcwele amafu okanye kuvela iidiphozithi ze-limescale ezibonakalayo, ayilomgangatho ulungileyo kwi-aquarium).
- Kwindawo okuyo amanzi aqinile kakhulu okanye ane-limescale eninzi. Ukuba i-GH kunye ne-KH yamanzi akho empompini ziphezulu kakhulu, ukugcina iintlobo zamanzi athambileyo kuba nzima. Inkqubo ye-reverse osmosis iya kukuvumela ukuba wehlise la maxabiso kwaye udale iimeko zendalo ezininzi kubo. iidiskii-tetras okanye i-caridina shrimp.
- Ngaba ugcina iintlobo ezibuthathaka okanye ezifuna kakhulu?Oku kusebenza kwiindawo zamanzi acocekileyo (i-discus, ii-shrimp ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinye izityalo ezifuna kakhulu ukutya) kunye nezolwandle (ii-corals eziqinileyo, i-SPS, i-LPS). Kwezi meko, ukuzinza kwamanzi kunye nobunyulu zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yexesha elide.
- Iintlanzi zakho ziqala ukuba neempawu ezibonisa ukuba amanzi akazenzi kakuhle.Iimpawu ezinje ngovalo, ukurhawuzelelwa yigill, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, okanye izifo zangaphandle eziphindaphindayo. Ngokudibene nezinye iindlela, ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi asisiseko kunye ne-reverse osmosis kudla ngokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
Kwiindawo zokufuya iintlanzi ezityaliweyo okanye ezifuywayo emanzini, uninzi lwabantu abathanda izinto zokufuya bakhetha ngokuthe ngqo isebenza phantse nge-100% ngamanzi e-osmosis abuyiselweyoOku kubavumela ukuba balawule ngokuchanekileyo ubulukhuni kunye nokuqhuba kakuhle ukuze baphucule ukukhula kwezityalo kwaye banciphise ukubonakala kwe-algae.
Ngaba isihluzo se-osmosis siyafana nesihluzo se-osmosis esibuyela umva?
Hayi nyani Inkqubo ye-reverse osmosis isebenza ngendlela ethile ngakumbiNangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, xa sithetha "ngee-osmosis filters" ze-aquariums, phantse sisoloko sithetha ngezixhobo ze-reverse osmosis.
I-reverse osmosis isebenzisa i-membrane ehluza amanzi ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0,001 microns kwiimeko ezininzi) ukuvelisa iziphumo ezicocekileyo. Olu hluzo lucolekileyo kakhulu luyafezekiswa. ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo kwingcinezelo yendalo ye-osmotic (olu mahluko woxinzelelo owenzeka kumacala omabini e-membrane, amanzi "acocekileyo" kunye "namdaka"), ukuze amanzi adlula kwisihluzo abe nobunyulu obugqwesileyo.
Kuyabonakala, umva osmosis yindlela yokwenza amanzi acoceke kangangokoOku kwenza ukuba ibe sisisombululo esihle kakhulu kwi-aquarium, nangona ineengxaki ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqondwe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuthenga izixhobo:
- Okokuqala, Ukubuyela umva osmosis yinkcitho enkulu emanzini ngohlobo lwamanzi amdaka. Nangona ixhomekeke kakhulu kwizixhobo ezikhethiweyo, uxinzelelo olusebenzayo, nokuba ingaba ibandakanya na ipompo yoxinzelelo, ezinye iinkqubo zivelisa malunga nelitha enye yamanzi ajikelezayo kwi-litre nganye yamanzi "aqhelekileyo". Oku kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwayo yonke, kodwa kunokunciphisa ngokusebenzisa kwakhona amanzi amdaka kwezinye iinjongo zasekhaya, umzekelo, ukucoca imigangatho okanye izityalo zokunkcenkceshela ezinyamezela loo mgangatho wamanzi.
- Okwesibini, Iinkqubo zokucoca i-reverse osmosis zinkulu kakhulukuba zihlala ziquka izihluzi ezinkulu kunye netanki yokuqokelela amanzi aphumayo. Le yinto ekufuneka uyiqwalasele ukuba uhlala eflethini encinci okanye ukuba ikhabhinethi engaphantsi kwesinki incinci kakhulu.
Kwelinye icala, iinkqubo zanamhlanje ze-reverse osmosis zihlala zisetyenziswa isebenza kakuhle kwaye ikhuselekilengoqhagamshelo olukhawulezayo kunye nezixhobo ezifumanekayo zokutshintsha. Isigqibo sokukhetha uhlobo oluthile lokucoca okanye olunye (iikhemikhali zokucoca kuphela, imixube yempompo namanzi acociweyo, okanye inkqubo ye-reverse osmosis ezinikeleyo) siya kuxhomekeka kwindawo ohlala kuyo, iimfuno zakho, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwakho, kwaye, ewe, iimfuno zeentlanzi zakho kunye nezityalo.
Iiparameter zamanzi e-reverse osmosis kunye nendlela yokuzilawula
Nje ukuba izixhobo zifakiwe, kubalulekile Musa ukuzithemba kwaye uthathe imilinganiselo rhoqo. Amanzi epompo angena kwinkqubo kunye namanzi afunyenwe emva kwenkqubo yokucoca ayachaphazeleka. Amanzi amakhulu awasoloko enemilinganiselo efanayo, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha izihluzi ziyaphelelwa kukusebenza.
Ezi nkqubo zisusa uninzi lokungcola emanzini zize zishiye amanzi enomphunga. i-pH edla ngokuba ne-asidi encinci kunye kunye inkunkuma encinci kakhulu yezimbiwaUkuze wazi ukuba yonke into isebenza kakuhle na, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge amaxabiso athile abalulekileyo:
- GH (ubulukhuni obuqhelekileyo)Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukuba, kufuneka ibe phantsi kakhulu, idla ngokuba kufutshane nezinga le-zero degrees zaseJamani, kuba akufuneki kubekho i-calcium okanye i-magnesium enyibilikisiweyo.
- KH (ubulukhuni be-carbonate)Kufuneka ibe phantsi kakhulu okanye ibe zero, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba amanzi akanawo amandla okugcina amanzi eyedwa.
- pHIdla ngokuba ne-asidi kancinci xa kungekho ziminerali, nangona oku kunokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwi-CO2 enyibilikisiweyo. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ihlale izinzile xa sele ivuselelwe.
- I-TDS okanye ukuhanjiswa kombaneLe yenye yezona parameters zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi abuyela umva kwi-osmosis. Ngokubanzi, Amanzi e-osmosis angasemva kwi-aquariums kufuneka abe noxinzelelo oluphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-20 ppm. (iinxalenye ngesigidi) okanye nangaphantsi kancinci. Amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu abonisa ukuba i-membrane okanye ii-pre-filters ziyaphelelwa kukusebenza.
Ukuze kube lula ukulinganisa ukuhanjiswa kombane kukho iimitha zeTDS ezingabizi kakhuluOlu vavanyo lukuvumela ukuba ujonge ngemizuzwana ukuba ingaba amanzi aphuma kwinkqubo asanele na. Ukuba ukufundwa kwe-TDS kunyukela ngaphezulu komlinganiselo olindelekileyo, luphawu oluhle lokuba inkqubo kufuneka ihlolwe.
Ukuba iiparameter azichanekangaOku kusenokuba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
- I-membrane enemingxuma emikhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuguguleka okanye umonakalo, ovumela ii-ion ezingaphezulu ukuba zidlule kunokuba kufanele.
- Izihluzi zangaphambili ezigcweleyo ezingasayigcini kakuhle i-chlorine, ukungcola, okanye iikhompawundi ze-organic kwaye zibangele ukuba i-membrane isebenze kakhulu.
- Uxinzelelo olungasebenziyo ngokwaneleyonto leyo enciphisa amandla e-membrane okulahla iityuwa kwaye yonyusa imveliso ye-TDS.
Yiyo loo nto ibaluleke kakhulu linganisa amanzi rhoqo kwaye umisele ishedyuli yokutshintsha isihluzo ngokwendlela oyisebenzisa ngayo ngokwenene. Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo izihluzo zangaphambili kwandisa ubomi be-membrane kwaye kugcina izixhobo zisebenza kakuhle.
Ukusebenza ngokucokisekileyo kwezixhobo ze-reverse osmosis
Inkqubo ye-reverse osmosis, njengomthetho jikelele, ine izihluzi ezininzi zangaphambili ezicwangciswe ngochungechunge ukulungiselela amanzi ngaphambi kokuba afike kwi-membrane, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, isihluzo sokugqibela sokupolisha amanzi avelisiweyo.
El inkqubo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo iya kuba koku kulandelayo:
- Isihluzi sokuqala sinoxanduva lokugcina udaka, ilitye elimdaka kunye nokungcola okukhulu okuxhonyiweyo ezisifikelela ngenethiwekhi. Oku kukhusela ezinye iikhatriji kwaye kuthintela ukuvaleka kwi-membrane.
- Ii-pre-filters ezimbini ezilandelayo zihlala ziquka ikhabhoni esebenzayo esemgangathweni ophezulu kwaye umsebenzi wabo kuku ukufunxa nokwahlula izinto eziyingozi kakhulu kwi-aquarium nakwi-membrane ngokwayo: i-chlorine, ii-chloramines, izibulali-zinambuzane, iintsimbi ezithile ezinzima kunye neekhompawundi ze-organic ezintsonkothileyo.
- Emva kokucoca kwangaphambili, amanzi adlula kwi i-membrane ekhethekileyo ye-reverse osmosis nto leyo eyahlula ngokucacileyo izinto eziyingozi kwezingenabungozi. Inxalenye yamanzi idlula kwi-membrane njengamanzi aphuma kwi-osmosis, ngelixa enye inxalenye ithwala iityuwa ezixineneyo ize iphume njengamanzi alahliweyo.
- Ekugqibeleni, ukuhlaziya okanye ukuhluza emva (kuxhomekeke ekubeni yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngabantu okanye kuphela ii-aquarium) ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi afanelekile ngokupheleleyo kwii-aquariums kunye nokusetyenziswa ekhaya. Kwimeko yamanzi okusela, eli nyathelo lisusa incasa ye-asidi kwaye lizalise iqhezu elincinci leeminerali.
Amanzi afunyenweyo aya ngqo kwi itanki ecinezelweyo, apho unokutya khona ukuze uzalise iijagi, iidrama okanye ngqo kwi-aquarium (uhlala udlula kwinqanaba lokuvuselela iminerali okanye uxube namanzi epompo, kuxhomekeke kwicebo lakho).
Ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kwezixhobo ze-aquarium reverse osmosis
Inkqubo ye-reverse osmosis enobukhulu obufanelekileyo negcinwe kakuhle ithembeke kakhulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusebenzisa i- isicwangciso solondolozo esiqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimilinganiselo kungekhona kwikhalenda kuphela.
Xa sibona kwiimilinganiselo ukuba amanzi Ayifikeleli kwiiparameter ezifanelekileyo Okanye ukuba i-conductivity inyuka ngaphezu koluhlu esihlala sijongana nalo, luphawu olucacileyo lokuba Kufuneka sitshintshe ii-pre-filters. okanye jonga i-membrane.
Uncedo lwe Tshintsha ii-pre-filters rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10 (Kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni nasekusemgangathweni wamanzi) i-membrane iya kuhlala ixesha elide kwaye izixhobo ziya kusebenza kakuhle. Lutyalo-mali oluncinci olusindisa iingxaki ezinkulu ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ngokwemilinganiselo yethu, okanye yanoma yimuphi umntu ongenamava, oko kudla ngokubekwa esweni kubaluleke kakhulu. KH, GH, pH kunye nokuqhuba ukwazi ukuba amanzi alungile okanye akunjalo. Ukugcina irekhodi elincinci lale datha kuya kukunceda ubone xa ukusebenza kwezixhobo kuqala ukwehla.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi umgangatho wamanzi esiwafaka kwi-aquarium kuba izityalo ziyakubona ngokukhawuleza oku: ziqala ukuba neengxaki zokukhula, kuvela amagqabi agugileyo okanye atyheli, kwaye ukunqongophala kwezondlo kuyabonakala, okuhlala kunxulumene nokuqina okugqithisileyo okanye iityuwa ezingafunekiyo emanzini epompo.
Enye ingxaki enokubangelwa ngamanzi angafanelekanga kukuba... ukuqhakaza kwe-algae okungafunekiyoUkudibanisa umgangatho wamanzi ophantsi, iiphosphates ezininzi, kunye neesilicates ezivela empompini yindlela efanelekileyo yokuvela kwe-filamentous algae, ii-diatoms, okanye ii-cyanobacteria, ekunzima ukuzitshabalalisa ngaphandle kokuphucula amanzi asisiseko kuqala.
Iingxaki ezinokubangela amanzi ompompo kwi-aquarium yakho
Amanzi afikelela emakhayeni ethu ngenethiwekhi igcwele izinto ezingafunekiyo kwii-aquariumsNokuba zingaphakathi kwemida yamanzi okusela akhuselekileyo ebantwini, oko kwamkelekileyo kuthi xa kusenziwa iidosi ezincinci kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kwiintlanzi nakwizilwanyana ezingenamqolo.
Kuxhomekeka kwifayile ye- indawo ohlala kuyo Amanzi aya kuba nzima okanye aqine, abe nelime eninzi okanye axutywe nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ilime emanzini yenziwe ikakhulu calcium nemagniziyamEzi zimbiwa azimbi ngokwazo, kodwa umthamo ophezulu Ukubakho kwamanzi avela kwiindlela eziphambili kwezinye iindawo kwenza kube nzima ukugcina ii-aquariums ezineentlobo zamanzi athambileyo.
Ukongeza kwilayimu, kwi amanzi etephu singafumana:
- I-chlorine kunye nee-chloramines.
- Iityuwa ezahlukeneyo zeminerali.
- I-Fluoride kwezinye iinethiwekhi zokubonelela.
- Ilothe okanye ezinye iintsimbi ezivela kwimibhobho emidala.
- Iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane (ngesiqhelo zizixa ezilawulwayo, kodwa zikhona).
- Iintsholongwane kwiimeko ezithile.
- Iingqokelela zee-antibiotics okanye ezinye iziyobisi ezivela kumjikelo wamanzi.
Ewe kunjalo Uxinzelelo lwazo zonke ezi zinto luncinci kakhulu kwaye ayichaphazeli ukufumaneka kwamanzi ngokwemigangatho yezempilo, kodwa iyayichaphazela Ingonakalisa kakhulu abemi kunye nezityalo ze-aquarium yethuingakumbi kwixesha elide nakwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo ezinomthamo omncinci.
Ngaba kulungile ukongeza amanzi angasemva kuphela kwi-aquarium?
Impendulo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-aquarium kunye nokuba ingaba Uyawavuselela amanzi ngokuchanekileyo.Ngokwembono yobumsulwa, amanzi e-reverse osmosis alungile kakhulu, kodwa ekubeni engenazo iiminerali, kuyimfuneko ukuwalungisa ukuze iintlanzi nezityalo zibe nezinto ezizidingayo.
Abantu abaninzi abathanda izinto zokuzonwabisa baqala ngokusebenzisa amanzi e-reverse osmosis axutywe namanzi epompo kwisilinganiso esithile (umzekelo, i-60% reverse osmosis kunye ne-40% yamanzi epompo) ukunciphisa ubulukhuni kunye nongcoliseko ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-zero. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengoko befumana ulawulo olungcono kwi-remineralization, banyusa kancinci ipesenti yamanzi reverse osmosis de, kwezinye iimeko, asetyenziswe phantse kuphela.
Kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ukuba amanzi angenazo kwaphela iiminerali ilungile yongeza iityuwa ze-aquarium zorhwebo. ukuze iintlanzi nezityalo zingayiboni le ngxaki. Kukho imixube eyenzelwe ii-aquariums zamanzi acocekileyo ngokubanzi, eminye yeetanki ze-shrimp, eminye ye-aquariums zaselwandle neze-reef, njl. Ukuzisebenzisa ngokwemilinganiselo yomenzi kunye nokulinganisa i-GH, KH, kunye ne-TDS yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokufumana amanzi alungeleleneyo ngokugqibeleleyo.
Kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezifunwa kakhulu, njengeetanki ezityalwe ngokuxinana okanye ii-coral reefs, ukusebenza ngamanzi abuyiselweyo abuyiselweyo ngokufanelekileyo kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo, njengoko inika uzinzo oluphezulu kakhulu kunye nolawulo phezu kweeparameters enokufunyanwa ngokuxuba ngqo amanzi empompini anganyangwanga.
Ngaba ungayenza i-osmosis ye-aquarium etyaliweyo?
Njengayo yonke into kobu bomi, impendulo yokwazi ukuba ungayenza i-osmosis kwi-aquarium etyaliweyo ayilula: ewe nohayi. Ukuze utyale i-aquarium, awukwazi ukusebenzisa amanzi angenaminerali kuphela angenaminerali.Ekubeni, ngokususa phantse zonke izinto ezingcolisayo, i-osmosis ikwasusa nezinto ezifunekayo kwizityalo ukuze ziphile: i-calcium, i-magnesium kunye nezinye izinto ezishiyekileyo.
Ngoko ke, Kuya kufuneka udibanise amanzi epompo namanzi e-reverse osmosis okanye uvuselele amanzi e-reverse osmosis ngeetyuwa ezithile. Ukuze kufumaneke imeko-bume efanelekileyo apho iintlanzi nezityalo zinokuhlalisana khona, abantu abaninzi abathanda izinto zokuzonwabisa bakhetha ukusebenza nepesenti ephezulu kakhulu yamanzi abuyela umva (nokuba aphantse abe yi-100%), kodwa rhoqo bongeza iityuwa ezifanelekileyo ukulungisa i-GH, i-KH, kunye ne-TDS ngaphakathi koluhlu olufunekayo.
Ipesenti yokuxuba ekufuneka uyisebenzise kwinxalenye nganye iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, umzekelo, umgangatho wamanzi kwindawo okuyo kwanezityalo oceba ukuzigcina kwi-aquarium. Ezinye iintlobo zinyamezela amanzi aqinileyo, ngelixa ezinye zifuna amanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu ukuze zikhule kakuhle.
Izityalo zakho zingadinga Izithako zesondlo kunye nezongezo zokuchumisa (i-macronutrients kunye ne-micronutrients) ukuze zikhule zomelele kwaye zigcine imibala eqaqambileyo. Kule meko, amanzi e-reverse osmosis asetyenziswa njengesiseko esingathathi cala, apho yonke ikhemistri ye-aquarium yakhelwe khona: ubulukhuni, inaliti ye-CO2, ukuchumisa imihla ngemihla okanye ngeveki, njl.
Thina, ngendlela efanayo neengcali ezininzi ze-aquascaping, sidla ngokwenza utshintsho lwamanzi veki nganye oluphakathi kwama-30 nama-50% omthamo ye-aquarium etyaliweyo, ukulungelelanisa ipesenti ngokusekwe kwimeko ye-aquarium, impilo yezityalo, kunye nobukho be-algae. Olu tshintsho, ngokusebenzisa amanzi aphethwe kakuhle yi-reverse osmosis, luhlaziya izondlo ngendlela elawulwayo kwaye luthintele ukungalingani kwexesha elide.
Ukwazi indlela esebenza ngayoUkwazi ukuba zeziphi iiparameter ekufuneka uzilinganise kunye nendlela yokuhlaziya amanzi kuya kukunika ulawulo olupheleleyo kwikhemistri ye-aquarium yakho kwaye kukuvumele ukuba ukonwabele ukuseta okuzinzileyo nokumangalisayo. Sixelele, yintoni amava akho ngamanzi e-reverse osmosis? Ucinga ntoni nge-reverse osmosis? Ngaba ucebisa naluphi na uhlobo lwesihluzo? Sishiyele uluvo!
