Ukubanjwa ngengozi ookrebe kunye nemitha Ibe yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zokuloba ngobugcisa eSpain nakwezinye iindawo zaseYurophu. KwiMeditera nakwimpuma yeAtlantiki, uxinzelelo kwezi ntlobo zisengozini luye lwabangela ixhala lesayensi elasasazekayo kwaye lwabangela amaziko kunye nabalobi ukuba bafune izisombululo zobugcisa zokunciphisa olu nxibelelwano lungafunekiyo.
Kwiinyanga zakutshanje, iiprojekthi ezininzi ziqalile kwiZiqithi zaseBalearic naseCanary. amaphulo ovavanyo Bahlola ukusetyenziswa kweemagnethi kunye nezibane kwizixhobo zokuloba zemveli, ezifana ne-trammel nets okanye ii-longlines. Le ngcamango ilula ephepheni kodwa inzima xa isetyenziswa: ukutshintsha kancinci izixhobo ukuze ooshaki kunye nemitha baphephe, ngelixa begcina inzuzo yeenqanawa zobugcisa.
Uvavanyo olusebenzisa iimagnethi kwiinethi zetrammel eFormentera
Abasebenzi bezesayensi kunye nezobugcisa be Iziko leeLwandlekazi zaseBalearic Islands, eliphantsi kweSpanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), liqhube iphulo lokuloba elivavanyiweyo emanzini aseFormentera ukuvavanya impembelelo yezixhobo zemagnethi ekubanjweni ngengozi kwe-elasmobranchs, oko kukuthi, ookrebe kunye nemitha, kwishishini lokuloba nge-trammel net.
Eli phulo liyinxalenye yeprojekthi yaseYurophu UBOMI-PROMETHEUSelijonge ukunqanda ukwehla kwamanani e-elasmobranch asengozini kumazwe aliqela aseMeditera ngokunciphisa ukubanjwa okungacwangciswanga kunye nokukhuthaza ukuloba okuzinzileyo. Phakathi komhla we-17 kuFebruwari nomhla wesi-2 kuMatshi, iqela le-IEO-CSIC laqalisa iphulo isikhephe sobugcisa kwizibuko laseLa SavinaeFormentera, ukuze benze uthotho lweemvavanyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza zokwenyani.
Olu vavanyo lwaluquka ukufaka iimagnethi ezisisigxina kwiigillnets, besebenzisa ithuba lobuthathaka be-elasmobranchs kwiintsimi ze-electromagnetic ngokusebenzisa oko kuthiwa Lorenzini ampoulesEzi zivamvo zivumela ukuba zibone imiqondiso yombane emanzini. Iintlanzi ezinamathambo, ezenza uninzi lweentlobo zorhwebo ezijoliswe kulo shishino, azinazo ezi zivamvo.
Ingcamango evavanywayo kukuba ukugcwala kwee-ampoules zikaLorenzini I-magnetic field eveliswa ziimagnethi inokubangela ukuba imisebe kunye nooshark bahlale kude ne-net, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ubukho babo kwiintlanzi ezibanjiweyo. Kwangaxeshanye, kulindeleke ukuba olu hlobo lweentlanzi de peces Iintlanzi ezinamathambo ziyaqhubeka nokungena kwizixhobo zokuloba ngokuqhelekileyo, zigcina imveliso yomsebenzi wokuloba isanda.
Kangangeentsuku ezilishumi, inqanawa yayitshintshana phakathi kweendlela ezintathu zokuloba: iinethiwekhi eziqhelekileyo Ngaphandle kotshintsho, iinethiwekhi ezixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zemagnethi zithelekiswa neenethiwekhi ezinezixhobo ezifanayo ngokuma nobukhulu kodwa ezingenawo umsebenzi wemagnethi. Olu thelekiso lusenza sikwazi ukwahlula isiphumo esithile sentsimi yemagnethi kwezinye izinto ezifana nokubakho kwezixhobo kwinethiwekhi.
Umsebenzi ngamnye wokuloba urekhodwe ngokweenkcukacha zonke zibanjiwe Idatha enxulumene nohlobo ngalunye lwe-net ibandakanya: iintlobo, inani labantu, ubungakanani, isini, kwaye, nanini na kunokwenzeka, inqanaba lokuvuthwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zangaphandle. Olu lwazi luya kusetyenziswa ukuvavanya ukuba kukho umahluko obalulekileyo na phakathi kookrebe kunye nemitha, kunye neentlobo ezijoliswe kurhwebo.
Iziphumo zephulo ziya kuba ngundoqo ekumiseleni ukuba ukusetyenziswa izixhobo zemagneti Oku kungathathwa njengendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko esebenzayo, esebenzayo, neyamkelwe lula kweli candelo. Ukuba ukusebenziseka kwayo kuyaqinisekiswa, kuya kuvula ithuba lokungenisa utshintsho olulula lobuchwephesha kwiinethi eziya kuvumela uzinzo kwezoqoqosho lokuloba ngobugcisa ukuba luhambelane ne- ulondolozo lweentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle ezisengozini.
Iprojekthi ye-LIFE-PROMETHEUS ixhaswa ngemali yi- European Union Ibandakanya amaziko angama-22 avela e-Itali, eFransi, eSpain, eGrisi naseSipro. Le ntlangano isebenza ngendlela edibeneyo ukuphuhlisa izisombululo zobugcisa ezisebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuloba kwiMeditera, rhoqo ngenjongo enye: ukunciphisa ukubanjwa ngengozi kwee-elasmobranchs ezisengozini.
Imeko yooshaki kunye nemisebe kwiMeditera yaseSpain
Inkxalabo malunga nemeko Imisebe kunye nooshaka kwiMeditera Asinto intsha le. Abaphandi kunye nemibutho yolondolozo lwendalo bebelumkisa kangangeminyaka malunga nokuba sesichengeni kwabaninzi kwezi zilwanyana, bephantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lokuloba, ukonakaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala, kunye nezinye iimpembelelo zabantu. Ukubanjwa kweentlanzi ezingafunekiyo kukuloba ngobuchule yinto eyongezelelweyo enokuthintela ukubuyiselwa kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezibuthathaka.
KwiZiqithi zaseBalearic, abasemagunyeni baqalise inkqubo isicwangciso esithile Ukujongana nale ngxaki, icandelo lokuloba kunye noluntu lwezenzululwazi bayathatha inxaxheba. Ingcinga kukuyila amanyathelo afanelekileyo anokusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yeenqanawa, ukusuka kutshintsho kwizixhobo zokuloba kunye neeyure zokusebenza ukuya kwiinkqubo zokuphatha nokukhulula iisampulu ezibanjwe ngengozi.
Imibutho efana ne Isiseko seMarilles Bakwabandakanyeka kulondolozo lwee-elasmobranchs kwiziqithi zaseBalearic. Ngokubambisana nephulo le-International Shark Conservation Fund, bakhuthaza iprojekthi yeminyaka emininzi enenjongo yokuvelisa isiseko esiqinileyo sesayensi sokuqinisekisa ukusinda kweesharks kunye nemisebe kuloo ndawo, equka abalobi beentlanzi kunye nabanye abadlali abaphambili yendalo yaselwandle.
Olu dibaniso lomsebenzi wasentsimini, iiprojekthi zaseYurophu ezifana ne-LIFE-PROMETHEUS, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwasekuhlaleni kwemibutho kunye nobuzalwana lujolise ekuqhubekeni kwindlela yomzekelo ukuloba okukhethiweyo ngakumbi, apho iindlela zokuloba zihlengahlengiswa ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo kwiintlobo ezibuthathaka kakhulu, ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni uqoqosho lwabo bahlala ngaphandle kolwandle.
Iprojekthi ye-ILUMINA: izixhobo ezikhanyayo kwiiCanary Islands zokuloba ngobugcisa
Ngokuhambelana noko kwenzekayo kwiZiqithi zaseBalearic, kwi Iziqithi zaseCanary Kuphuhliswa enye iprojekthi ejolise ukunciphisa ukubanjwa ngengozi kwe-elasmobranchs ngokwazisa ubuchwepheshe obulula kwiindlela zokuloba zemveli. Eli liphulo elithi 'Uphononongo lokusebenza kwezixhobo zokukhanya ekunciphiseni ukubanjwa kwe-elasmobranchs ngengozi kushishino lokuloba lwe-gillnet kwiCanary Islands', eyaziwa ngesifinyezo salo KHANYISA.
Le projekthi ikhokelwa yi IZiko leYunivesithi ye-ECOAQUA evela kwiYunivesithi yaseLas Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), ngokusebenzisa iqela lophando lweBiodiversity and Conservation (BIOCON). Iqela lezenzululwazi lisebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nemibutho yokuloba kunye nabalobi beentlanzi beziqithi abasebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne inethi ye-cazonal kunye ne-trammel kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo nangamaxesha onyaka.
Esi siphakamiso sisekelwe ekubandakanyeni izixhobo ezikhanyayo Iigillnets ziyafundwa ukuze kutshintshwe indlela eziziphatha ngayo iintlobo ezithile zeentlanzi kwaye kuphuculwe indlela ezikhethwa ngayo iindlela zokuloba. Ingcinga kukuvavanya ukuba ubukho bokukhanya, obuneempawu ezithile zobukhali, umbala, okanye ipateni, bunokubangela ukuba ooshaki kunye nemitha baphephe izixhobo, ngelixa iintlobo ekujoliswe kuzo zigcina ukukwazi kwazo ukubamba.
Ukuze kufezekiswe oku, iqela le-ILUMINA liza kuqhuba uvavanyo lokuvavanya phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani zokulobaOlu phononongo luza kuthelekisa ukubanjwa kweentlanzi phakathi kwezixhobo zokuloba ezixhotyiswe ngezibane kunye nezixhobo zemveli ezingatshintshwanga. Ukubeka iliso kuya kuba kubanzi kwaye kuya kubandakanya iintlobo zorhwebo kunye nokubanjwa okungalindelekanga, kujongwe ngakumbi ii-elasmobranchs.
Umphandi oyintloko wale projekthi, uJosé Juan Castro, kunye neqela lakhe baceba ukubhalisa ukwakheka kwezinto ezibanjiweyo, inani leentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana, kunye neeparameter zebhayoloji ezifanelekileyo ezinceda ekuqondeni ngcono indlela amaqela ahlukeneyo ezilwanyana zaselwandle asebenzisana ngayo neentlanzi eziguquliweyo.
Ukongeza ekulinganiseni ukuncipha okunokwenzeka ekubanjweni kweentlanzi ezinobungozi zookrebe kunye nemitha, le projekthi iza kuhlalutya imveliso yokuloba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakheka kwezixhobo zokuloba, kuba amanyathelo okulondoloza ayizukwamkelwa licandelo ukuba oko kuthetha ukwehla okukhulu ekusebenzeni koqoqosho lomsebenzi.
Ukuya kubugcisa obukhethiweyo ngakumbi kunye neenkqubo ezilungileyo zokusebenza
Enye yeentsika ze-ILUMINA kukuzalwa ulwazi lwesayensi olusetyenzisiweyo ezinokuthi ziguqulelwe kwiingcebiso ezisebenzayo kwicandelo lokuloba ngobuchule. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo ngezixhobo ezikhanyayo, iqela liza kuphuhlisa iiprotokholi zokusebenza kakuhle Injongo kukuphucula ukukhetha kwe-trammel net kunye ne-trammel net.
Ezi zikhokelo ziza kugubungela yonke into ukususela kwindlela yokuncamathisela izixhobo kwigiya ukuya kuhlengahlengiso olunokwenzeka kwi-net configuration, amaxesha okuseta, kunye neendawo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobunzulu bokunciphisa ukusebenzisana nazo. iintlobo ezisengoziniInjongo kukuba naluphi na utshintsho olucetywayo lobuchwephesha luyamkeleka kwiinkampani zokuloba kwaye luhambelane nenyaniso yokusebenza kokuloba ngobugcisa kwiZiqithi zaseCanary.
Eli phulo likwagxininisa ukudluliselwa kunye nokusasazwa Iziphumo ziza kwabelwana ngazo necandelo lokuloba, ulawulo lukarhulumente, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Kucwangciswe imisebenzi ethile yokwabelana ngamava abalobi ababandakanyekayo, ukubonisa idatha efunyenweyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwezisombululo ezintsha ezinegalelo ekunciphiseni ukubanjwa okungalindelekanga.
I-ILUMINA yinxalenye yenkqubo Ulwandle Oluphezulu 2025 kwaye inenkxaso-mali evela kwi-Biodiversity Foundation, ngenkqubo yokhuphiswano, kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali yi-European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund. Ngale ndlela, imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho oluluhlaza ihambelana nesidingo sokuqhubekela phambili uzinzo lokwenyani lokulobaapho ukuphucula ukukhetha kwezobugcisa kudlala indima ephambili.
Ekugqibeleni, ulwazi oluveliswe yile projekthi lujoliswe ekubeni luncedo ulawulo lwezokuloba kwinqanaba lengingqi nelelizwe, ukubonelela ngedatha ecacileyo malunga nokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-gillnets kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle, kunye nokunceda ekuyileni amanyathelo olawulo okanye okuzithandela alungelelaniswe ngcono neenkcukacha zokuloba ngobugcisa kwiCanary Islands.
Indibaniselwano yale mizamo kwiZiqithi zaseBalearic naseCanary ibonisa indlela indibaniselwano ye Ubuchule bobuchwepheshe, ulwazi lwesayensi kunye nentsebenziswano nabalobi beentlanzi Oku kungavula iindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa ukubanjwa kweesharks kunye nemitha ngengozi. Ukususela kwiimagnethi kwi-trammel nets zaseFormentera ukuya kwizixhobo zokukhanya kwizixhobo zokuloba kwiCanary Islands, zonke ezi zilingo zifuna ulungelelwaniso olufanayo: ukugcina ukuphila kokuloba ngobugcisa ngelixa kukhuselwa ii-elasmobranchs ezisengozini enkulu, zisiya inyathelo ngenyathelo kwindlela ekhethiweyo nenobuhlobo ngakumbi neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zokusetyenziswa kolwandle.