Izityalo ze-aquarium zamanzi acocekileyo ezilungileyo: isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokukhetha nokunyamekela

Xa une-aquarium, kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba yintoni izityalo oza kuzibeka Ngenxa yobuhle be-aquarium ngokwayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo okuluncedo kunye nokusebenza kwayo ebomini beentlanzi zakho. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo (zokwenyani nezenziweyo) kangangokuba kunzima ukukhetha ezifanelekileyo kwi-aquarium yakho.

Kulo lonke eli khokelo libanzi uza kufunda indlela yokukhetha, ukudibanisa nokunyamekela izityalo ze-aquarium ezilungileyo kakhulu zamanzi acocekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zokuseta: ii-aquariums zoluntu, ii-aquariums ezikhethekileyo ze-cichlid, ii-nano aquariumsii-aquarium zamanzi abandayo, iindawo ezityalwe ngokuxineneyo, kwane-aquascaping ephucukileyo.

Apha siza kukufundisa ezinye zezona zityalo zibalaseleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zasemanzini kwaye ezinye zijolise ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile. Siza kubandakanya neengcebiso zokuchumisa, ukukhanyisa, i-CO2, kunye ne-substrates ezisetyenziswa kwii-aquarium ezityalwe kakhulu, zichazwe ngokulula ukuze nabani na azisebenzise. Ngaba ufuna ukufunda okungakumbi ngezityalo ze-aquarium?

Ezona zityalo zilungileyo ze-aquarium

Xa siqala ukuhombisa i-aquarium yethu, sisoloko sicinga ngokuphinda sidale itanki yeentlanzi kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze siyenze yokwenyani. Indalo yendalo apho kuhlala khona intlanzi. Ngenxa yoku, kuyimfuneko ukuba ne Izityalo ze-aquariumKukho izityalo zeplastiki ze-aquarium kunye nezityalo eziphilayo. Ukuba uza kuba nezityalo eziphilayo, kufuneka wazi indlela yokuzinyamekela, zeziphi iiparameter zamanzi ezizidingayo, kunye nohlobo olufanelekileyo. de peces uya kuba nakho ukuze babe nokuvisisana kwi-ecosystem efanayo.

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha nge izityalo ze-aquarium ezilungileyo kakhulu zamanzi acocekileyo Kwaye siza kukunika ezinye iindlela onokukhetha kuzo ukuze ukwazi ukuthenga leyo ikufaneleyo ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lakho lamava, ubungakanani betanki yeentlanzi, uhlobo lwamanzi (abandayo okanye ashushu) kunye nohlobo lwendawo yasemanzini ofuna ukuyidala.

Ngaphezu koko, uza kubona ukuba uninzi lwezi zityalo azihombisi nje kuphela: i-oxygen emanziniZitya ii-nitrate, zibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuzala, zinceda ekulawuleni i-algae, kwaye zenza iintlanzi zakho zizive zikhuselekile kwaye zingaxinezeleki kangako.

Okulandelayo, siza kukubonisa ezinye ze iimodeli ezifunwa kakhulu kwaye oko kunokufaneleka kakhulu kwiintlobo ezininzi zee-aquariums ezisetyenziswa ngabantu rhoqo.

Ukuhlonela uPet

Siza kuqala ngeeklasikhi izityalo zeplastiki ze-aquariumLe modeli iza neseti yezityalo ze-aquarium ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo zokugcina ii-aquarium ezinobunzima obuphakathi kweegaloni ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-15. Zinemibala eqaqambileyo neneenkcukacha zokongeza ubomi etankini. Zenzelwe ukulinganisa izityalo zokwenyani, zidala imeko-bume yeentlanzi ekufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka nendawo yazo yendalo xa izityalo eziphilayo zingafumaneki okanye zingafunwa.

Le modeli ibandakanya umhombiso we-aquarium kunye neziqwenga ezisi-8 ezahlukeneyo zezityalo zeplastiki eziluhlaza Kwi-aquarium. Izityalo ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-18 cm, nto leyo ekuvumela ukuba wenze ubude obahlukeneyo kwaye unike umbono wobunzulu kwi-aquascape.

Le nto ayinabungozi kwaphela, ngoko ke ukuba intlanzi iyiluma ngempazamo, akukho nto iya kwenzeka. Yenziwe ngeplastiki, i-resin, kunye nesiseko se-ceramic. Ifanelekile kwii-aquarium zamanzi acocekileyo kunye namanzi anetyuwa kuba ayichaphazeleki yi-pH yetanki. Lukhetho oluhle xa ufuna. ukugcinwa okuphantsi kodwa singayeki ukuhombisa okumangalisayo.

Zonke izityalo ziza nesiseko esincinci sokuzibeka kuso, ngoko ke abayi kudada kwi-aquarium. Lo mhombiso uyinto yokwenyani kwaye unokubonelela intlanzi ngendawo yokuhlala encinci. Ungathenga le modeli ngokucofa apha.

JDYW

Le yenye imodeli eneempawu ezihlala ixesha elide kwaye ayinabungozi kwaphela Kwintlanzi. Sisityalo seplastiki esinesiseko se-ceramic kwaye asinavumba libi. Ayibangeli monakalo kwiintlanzi okanye kwindalo esingqongileyo yasemanziniAyinawo umhlwa okanye ibole, ngoko ke ukulungiswa kwayo kuncitshiswa kube kukucoca rhoqo.

Sisityalo esibonakalayo kwaye silingisa kakuhle intshukumo yezityalo emanzini ngenxa uguquko yenziwe ngeplastiki. Oku kwenza i-aquarium ibonakale yendalo ngakumbi nangona kungekho zityalo ziphilayo.

Own a ubude obulungileyo Esi sityalo se-aquarium sinesiseko esiqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lwesityalo kwaye sibonelela iintlanzi ngendawo yokudlala nokuzimela. Uyilo lwaso lwenza kube lula ukucoca xa zingcolile. Sifake emanzini afudumeleyo ukuze ususe nayiphi na inkunkuma.

Kukubukhulu obungama-52 cm kwaye inobunzima obumalunga ne-270 yeegram. Iplastiki yenzelwe ukuba isityalo sihlale sizinzile kwindawo osibeke kuyo kwaye singashukumi xa amanzi eshukuma okanye edada. de peces sikhulu. Ungasithenga esi sityalo ngokucofa.

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Le yenye yezityalo ezifanelekileyo zokubeka imvelaphi ye-aquariumInceda ekubumbeni imvelaphi, ukufihla izihluzi, izifudumezi okanye iityhubhu kunye nokudala uluvo lwezityalo ezixineneyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezityalo zendalo.

Inombala oluhlaza wendalo kwaye yenziwe ngeplastiki. Ubukhulu be-20x8x16cm kunye nobunzima be-200gIngasetyenziswa kwii-aquarium zamanzi acocekileyo namanzi anetyuwa kwaye ayinatyhefu. Kulula kakhulu ukuyicoca kwaye ngumhombiso ofanelekileyo kwitanki yakho yeentlanzi xa ufuna isityalo eside ngaphandle kwengxaki.

Inoyilo olune ibhodi yesiseko yeseramikhi nto leyo eyigcina izinzile. Ihlala ixesha elide kwaye inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ngaphakathi etankini, kuba ayikhuphi naziphi na izinto emanzini. Fumana imodeli efana nale ngokucofa apha.

Marina Naturals

Le modeli iyinyani kwaye ayiguquguquki kakhulu. Enye yeemodeli ezintle esinokuzithenga ukuba sifuna ukunika umnqweno wendalo. kwi-aquarium yethu ngaphandle kwesidingo sezityalo zokwenyani okanye ukukhathazeka malunga nemilinganiselo, ukuchumisa okanye ukuthena.

Injalo ithambile ekuphathweni kwaye ikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zee-aquarium. Amagqabi ayo aluhlaza nabomvu akuvumela ukuba udlale ngombala ohlukileyo kwaye uwudibanise nezinye izityalo zokwenziwa okanye i-aquarium gravel.

Inamagqabi aluhlaza nabomvu. Ingahambelana kakuhle nezinye izityalo ezinemibala eqaqambileyo, idale umboniso onemibala ohambelana neentlanzi. Yifumane ngokucofa apha.

Iindidi zezityalo ze-aquarium

Xa sifuna ukufumana izityalo ze-aquarium yethu, sijongene nomceli mngeni wokukhetha phakathi kwamagama amaninzi angaqhelekanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukwazi ukuba isityalo siya kufaneleka na kwiintlanzi zethu. Izityalo (ukuba ziyinyani) nazo zifuna iimeko ezithile, ezinje amanzi acocekileyointo ethile ukukhanyaubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-aquarium, i-substrate efanelekileyo kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, a Igalelo le-CO2 kunye nezichumisi.

Enye yeengxaki esidibana nazo xa sikhetha izityalo ze-aquarium yethu kukuba phantse zonke ziza igama lenzululwaziOku kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuzazi ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, oku akufanele kusoyikise, njengoko siza kubazi kancinci kancinci size siqhelane ngakumbi neemilo zazo, imibala, kunye neendawo eziqhelekileyo etankini.

Ukongeza ekuzihleleni ngamagama, kuluncedo kakhulu ukuzahlula ngokweemfuno zazo. uhlobo lokukhula kwaye isebenza ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium:

• Izityalo ze isiqu (ezifana neLimnophila, iHygrophila, iRotala): zikhula zisuka kwisiqu esiphambili.
• Izityalo ze irosette okanye irhizome (Echinodorus, Cryptocoryne, Anubias, Bucephalandra): ziqala kwindawo ephakathi okanye kwirhizome etyebileyo.
• I zityalo impahla yokugquma impahlaZigquma umgangatho njengekhaphethi.
• Izityalo ezidadayoZihlala phezu komhlaba ngaphandle kokuthatha iingcambu kwi-substrate.
• I-mosses kunye ne-fernsZinamathela ematyeni, kwiinkuni okanye kwizinto zokuhombisa ngaphandle kwesidingo sesiseko sezondlo.

Siza kuqala ngokuchaza iintlobo ezithile zezityalo ezisekelwe kwi ubunzima bokugcinwa kwaye ngenxa yobuhle bayo, ekugqibeleni yenye yeentsika zokutyala kwi-aquarium yasekhaya.

Izityalo zenkqubo yokuhamba ngebhayisikile

Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenze xa siqala i-aquarium yethu entsha ukusuka ekuqaleni kukumisela i-aquarium entsha. ikoloni yeebhaktheriya eyenza imisebenzi yokucoca. Lo msebenzi usekelwe kwi guqula inkunkuma ibe yimichiza engenabungozi Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yi.

Inkqubo yokukhwela ibhayisekile ithatha phantse okanye ngaphantsi inyanga enyeKe ngoko, ngeli xesha asinakufaka nayiphi na intlanzi kwi-aquarium yethu, njengoko amanzi aya kuba yityhefu kubo ngenxa yokubakho kwe-ammonia kunye ne-nitrites. Ngeli xesha, izityalo zingabalingani abakhulu.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokujikeleza ngebhayisekile, singazisa izityalo ezinceda ekuphuculeni nasekukhawuleziseni inkqubo. Izityalo zisebenzisa i-ammonium, ii-nitrites, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ii-nitrates ezinokuba yityhefu kwiintlanzi xa zinomlinganiselo othile. Zikwanceda ekuzinziseni i-pH kwaye zibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala kwii-microfauna eziluncedo.

Izityalo ezifanelekileyo kule nkqubo zezo ze- ukukhula ngokukhawulezaezifaka ioksijini emanzini kwaye zidla kakhulu i-nitrate. Azidingi lukhathalelo lungako; zizityalo ze- ukugcinwa lula kwaye icetyiswa kakhulu kwabaqalayo kunye nee-aquariums ezigcwele kakhulu de peces.

Umzekelo, sifumanisa Iindidi ezimbini zezityalo ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwinkqubo yokujikeleza ngebhayisekile:

• Eyokuqala ngu umsila wempungutye (Ceratophyllum demersum)Sisityalo esilula kakhulu ukusinyamekela, ikhula ngokukhawuleza okukhuluAyifuni kukhanya kakhulu kwaye ayidingi kufakwa i-CO2. Ingasetyenziswa njengesityalo esidadayo okanye ityalwe kancinci kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba, apho ibanjwe khona bubunzima bayo kuba ayikhulisi ingcambu yokwenyani.

• Okwesibini yi-ambulia (Limnophila sessilifloraIfuna ukukhanya okungaphezulu kancinci kuneyangaphambili, kodwa kulula ukuyinyamekela, ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inomtsalane ngakumbi ngenxa yamagqabi ayo amahle, anamabala afaka umthamo ngasemva kwe-aquarium.

Ukongeza kwezi zimbini, iivenkile ezininzi ezigxile kwii-aquarium ezityaliweyo zicebisa ezinye izityalo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza zokuqhuba iibhayisekile, ezifana Hygrophila polysperma o I-Elodea/Egeria densaezisebenza ngendlela efanayo: zikhula ngokukhawuleza, zitya izondlo ezininzi, kwaye zikhuphisana ne-algae ukususela ngomhla wokuqala.

Izityalo ezifuna ukukhanya okuncinci

Ukuba usandul’ ukuqala kwihlabathi lee-aquarium, kungcono uqale ngokuba nezityalo ezifuna ukukhanya okuphantsiEzi zityalo zihlala zifuna ukhathalelo nokugcinwa okuncinci. Ukuba usaqala, ukufunda ukunyamekela iintlanzi sele kwanele ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezityalo ezibuthathaka kakhulu.

Ezi zityalo zikhula ngokuntywiliselwa emanzini. Zitya inkunkuma yeentlanzi (ngesiqhelo ii-nitrate), ezivela kokunye kokutya esibanika kona (ii-phosphates), kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, abayi kufuna ukukhanya ukuze bakhule. Isichumiso esincinci siya kubanceda bakhule bomelele; oku kufuneka kusetyenziswe rhoqo, kodwa ngaphandle kokubekwa esweni okuntsonkothileyo.

Ngokubanzi, izityalo ezikhazimlayo kancinci zilungele iiaquariums zoluntu, kwii-aquarium ezineentlanzi ezitya izityalo ezithambileyo (ezifana nee-cichlids) kunye nabo bangafuni ukutyala imali kwizikrini ezinamandla kakhulu.

Izichumisi esiya kuzisebenzisa zezo zibonelela i-potassium kunye ne-micronutrientsukusela kanye okanye kabini ngeveki:

• Isichumisi esisisiseko samanzi: Isichumiso esilula nesingabizi kakhulu esibonelela ngezondlo ezibalulekileyo ezihlala zingekho kwii-aquariums ezinezityalo ezimbalwa okanye utshintsho lwamanzi olungaqhelekanga.
• Isichumisi seachem seFlorish: Isichumiso esiphucukileyo saseSeachem, esinoluhlu olupheleleyo lwezakhamzimba ezincinci kunye nezinto ezincinci ze-aquarium ezityalwe kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezi zityalo ezifuna ukukhanya okuncinci, sifumana ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu kwii-aquariums:

• Ifeni yeJava (IMicrosorum pteropusBakho kwiindawo ezininzi zasemanzini ngo ukuxhathisa kwayo kunye nokulula kwayo ukuyigcina ikwimeko entle. Ukukhula kwayo kuphakathi kwaye ayifuni kufakwa i-CO2. Inamathela lula ematyeni nasezingodweni, ngoko ke ayidingi nesiseko esinezakha-mzimba ezininzi.

• Anubia barteriOlu lolona hlobo lwe-Anubias lusetyenziswa kakhulu. Aludingi kunakekelwa kakhulu kwaye lunamagqabi amakhulu, angqukuva. Lunyamezela amanzi aqinileyo kunye nokukhanya okuncinci, kwaye lufanelekile kwiindawo zokugcina iintlanzi ezihlala emanzini aneentlanzi ezingonwabanga kuba amagqabi alo ayakwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima.

• Hygrophila polysperma: Isityalo esichasayo, sinamagqabi amancinci kunye nesiqu esinokukhula sibe mde kakhulu. Ngokukhanya okuhle, amagqabi aphezulu ajika abe bomvu ngombala. Isebenza njengophawu lokunqongophala kwe-potassiumkuba iba tyheli kwaye ivelisa imingxunya lula xa esi sondlo singekho.

• IVallisneria americana giganteaEsi sityalo sinamagqabi afana neribhoni; olu hlobo lunamagqabi abanzi. Lusasazeka lula ngesiseko sesityalo ngokuthumela iziqwenga ezintsha, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukudala amakhethini ezantsi kwe-aquariumIyamkela ukukhanya okuphakathi okanye okuphantsi kwaye ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu.

Eli qela lezityalo ezikhaphukhaphu lidla ngokuquka iintlobo ezifana iimouse zasemanzini (umzekelo, iJava moss, iTaxiphyllum barbieri), Bucephalandra okanye iintlobo ezincinci ze-Anubias (ezifana ne-Anubias barteri nana), ezifunwa kakhulu kwii-aquariums zanamhlanje ngenxa yobuhle bazo obuncinci, imibala enomdla kunye nokulula kokugcinwa.

Izityalo ze-Aquarium ngokwendawo abaya kuba nayo

Ekuqaleni, ukuba sisandul’ ukufika kwihlabathi lee-aquarium, nasiphi na isityalo sanele, kwaye siyavuya ukubona iintlanzi zethu ziphilile. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko singena nzulu kwihlabathi lee-aquarium, iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo Sifuna ukuyibeka, kwaye sinomdla kakhulu kuyilo olupheleleyo lwetanki.

Ukuze singazibeki izityalo ngaphandle komyalelo okanye ukubaluleka kwazo, siza kwenza uluhlu lwezityalo. kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bazo kunye nendawo ezikuyo ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo. Kwi-aquascaping, i-aquarium idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa ibe yimimandla engaphambili, ephakathi, nengasemva, kwaye indawo nganye inezityalo ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi.

Phambili izityalo

Umphambili we-aquarium ufanele ube ngowona unomtsalane, kuba yeyona ndawo iya kubonakala kakhulu kuluntu okanye yindawo efumana ingqalelo enkulu imihla ngemihla. Ke ngoko, Izityalo esizikhethela ngaphambili mazibe zinomtsalane ngakumbi. kwaye siza kuzikhetha ngokweenkcukacha. Ezinye izityalo "ziyazikhusela" ezi, ngoko ke zihlala zibalasele kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na indlela yoyilo lwendalo emanzini.

Izityalo ezintle kakhulu ngaphambili kwe-aquarium zezi i-upholstery engabonakaliyoEzi zityalo zigubungela i-substrate ngokulinganayo ukuze zenze amadlelo amahle. Ingxaki kukuba, ngokubanzi, ezi zityalo zifuna kakhulu. Zifuna ukukhanya okungakumbi, ukuchumisa rhoqo, ukufakwa kwe-CO2, i-substrate etyebileyo kwizakhamzimba, kunye nokujikeleza kwamanzi kakuhle.

Yonke into entle iza ngexabiso eliphezulu, kodwa kukwakho iindlela ezingafunekiyo kakhulu Ezi zityalo zikuvumela ukuba ufezekise impembelelo yekhaphethi ngaphandle kokuseta i-aquarium yobuchwephesha kakhulu. Kukwakho nezityalo zokukhapha ezingadingi khathalelo lungako, ngoko ke akuyi kufuneka wenze utyalo-mali olukhulu.

Nazi ezinye ze izityalo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zokugquma umhlaba:

• Sagittaria subulataEsi sityalo asidingi CO2 eyongezelelweyo okanye ukukhanya okuninzi. Sesona sityalo silula sokwenza izinto zokugcina iimpahlaIfikelela kubude obuphakathi, isasazeka lula ngama-stolons, kwaye, ukuba iyekiwe ukuba ikhule, ingenza idlelo elijongeka njengehlathi.

• Ii-elatinoids zeGlossostigmaEsi sityalo sifuna i-CO2 eyongezelelweyo ukuze sigcinwe sisempilweni. Sikwafuna ukukhanya okuphezulu kunye nesiseko esincinci nesityebileyo sezakhamzimba. Sinamagqabi angqukuva kunye Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengephepha lodonga ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye nobukhulu bayo obuncinci, nto leyo edala impembelelo entle kakhulu yengca.

• UMarsilea hirsutaKwesi sityalo, kucetyiswa ukuba kongezwe i-CO2 eyongezelelweyo kunye nokukhanya okuphakathi. Isasazeka kuyo yonke indawo engaphantsi komhlaba, kuquka neendawo ezinokukhanya okuncinci. Ivelisa amagqabi ama-2 ukuya kuma-4 kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bokukhanya ekufumanayo. Inyamezela ngakumbi kunezinye izityalo ezikhaphethi ezincinci kwaye inokumelana neempazamo ezincinci zabaqalayo.

Kwiiseti zamanzi abandayo okanye ngokukhanya okuphakathi, ingasetyenziswa njengesigqubuthelo somhlaba esibonakala ngathi yingca. Eleocharis acicularis, esiza kuyikhankanya kamva, nangona ubude babo buhlala buphakame kancinci.

Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwezityalo

Izityalo ezikhula ziye kubude obuphakathi zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko yokungabikho kwezityalo zokuphakamisa, Singazisebenzisela ukudala iindawo ezinezihlahla ngaphandle kokuthintela umva we-aquarium. Zikwasebenza njengotshintsho oluya ngasemva kwe-aquarium, nto leyo eyenza utshintsho phakathi komphambili nomva lungabi lula.

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ezinobude obuphakathi ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zazo zokukhanya, i-CO2, kunye nokuchumisa. Zihlala zibekwe phambi kwezityalo ezinde nangasemva kwezityalo ezigquma umhlaba ukuze zenze isiphumo esinomqolo.

Sibeka ezinye imizekelo:

• I-Staurogyne rubescensEsi sityalo asifuni kukhanya kungako, kodwa ukongeza i-CO2 kuyacetyiswa ukuze kuqiniswe ngcono. Sisihlahla esiphakathi, esikhula singadluli kwi-5-6 cm ubude phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo. Amagqabi aso amade, aluhlaza enza iziqwenga ezixineneyo ezithandwa kakhulu kwi-aquascaping.

• I-Echinodorus 'Vesuvius'Esi sityalo asidingi CO2 eyongezelelweyo kwaye sinamagqabi agobileyo nabhityileyo anika intshukumo ebonakalayo. Sifanelekile kwindawo ephakathi kwe-aquarium okanye njengendawo ephambili phambi kwezityalo ezomeleleyo.

• I-Pogostemon helferiEsi sityalo saziwa kakhulu kwi-aquascaping ngemilo yaso eyahlukileyo. Amagqabi aso aqinileyo nagobileyo asinika inkangeleko eluhlaza efana neenkwenkwezi. Singasetyenziswa njengesityalo esiphakathi komhlaba okanye njengesityalo sokukhapha. I-CO2 eyongezelelweyo iyacetyiswa, kwaye ifuna ukukhanya okuphakathi ukuya phezulu ukuze igcine imilo yaso incinci.

Izityalo ezichasene ne-algae kunye ne-aquarium enecichlids

I-foxtail ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo njengesityalo sokulawula ulwelwe kuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye itya izixa ezikhulu ze-nitrate. Sisityalo esiya kufuneka... yithene amaxesha amaninzi ngenxa yendlela ekhula ngokukhawuleza ngayo, nto leyo ethintela ukuba ingabi nkulu kakhulu ize ithintele ukujikeleza kwamanzi.

Ezinye izityalo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ezifana I-Elodea/Egeria densa, Hygrophila polysperma okanye Limnophila sessilifloraZikwathathwa njengezityalo ezilungileyo zokulwa nolwelwe kuba ziguqula izondlo ezinyibilikisiweyo zibe zizityalo eziluncedo kwi-aquarium.

Ngokuphathelele abantu abathanda ukukhathalela abanye iicichlids zaseAfrika Abanini beentlanzi baseMelika kufuneka bazi ukuba uninzi lwezi ntlanzi zitya izityalo ze-aquarium okanye zizisuse xa zimba kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba. Ezinye zithanda ukumba ilitye elimdaka, elikhulula izityalo, okanye ukudada kwazo kunokuzilimaza nokuzikhupha. Ke ngoko, izityalo ezifanelekileyo kolu hlobo lwe-aquarium ziyimfuneko. de peces.

Phakathi kwabo sifumana:

• I-Java fern (ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla): inamathela kwiinkuni nasematyeni, ukuze ingasuswa xa ii-cichlids zigrumba.
• Anubia barteri (kwakhona kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla): iirhizome zayo ezixineneyo zinamathela kwimihombiso eqinileyo kwaye amagqabi ayo aqinileyo amelana ngcono nokukruneka.
• Ikrele leAmazon (I-Echinodorus amazonicus): Isityalo esaziwayo kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo ngenxa yokugcinwa kwaso lula, sinamagqabi amade, amile okwekrele. Ayifuni i-CO2 yangaphandle.Inamathela kakuhle kwi-substrate kwaye ayifuni kukhanya kungako. Kwiindawo zokugcina iintlanzi ezinee-cichlids, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhusele iingcambu zayo ngamatye okanye uzityale kwiindawo apho iintlanzi zingembi kangako.

Kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezisebenzisa i-aquariums kakhulu, kukwangumbono omhle ukubeka phambili izinto izityalo ezimile kwi izigodo okanye amatye (Anubias, Microsorum, Bucephalandra, mosses) kunye nezityalo ezidadayo, ezingenakukwazi ukumbiwa.

Ubushushu bamanzi obandayo

Xa sithetha ngamanzi abandayo, sithetha njalo ezo aquariums ezingenayo i-heaterKolu hlobo lwe-aquarium, iintlanzi zihlala zinokumelana ngakumbi kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi azidli kudla, ngoko ke kuya kufuneka siqwalasele ukuba izityalo esinokuzifaka kuzo kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nokukrwela kunye nobushushu obuphantsi.

Izityalo ezibandayo kufuneka zinyamezele ububanzi bobushushuZiyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aqala ekupholeni ebusika ukuya ekushushu kancinci ehlotyeni, ingakumbi kwii-aquarium zangaphakathi ezingenalawulo lobushushu. Zifanele zisebenze kakuhle nezibane eziqhelekileyo, njengoko ii-aquarium ezininzi zamanzi abandayo zingasebenzisi izixhobo ezinamandla aphezulu.

Nazi ezinye izityalo ezinyamezela amanzi abandayo:

• Umsila we Fox (ICeratophyllum demersum): ifanelekile kumachibi nakwii-aquariums ezingenasifudumezi, imelana nokubanda kakuhle kwaye inceda ekufakeni ioksijini.
• Ifeni yeJava (IMicrosorum pteropus): isebenziseka lula kwaye iyamelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
• Anubia barteriIyakwazi ukumelana namanzi abandayo namanzi ashushu kwaye ikhula kancinci.
• Bakopa caroliniana: Tyala ngesiqu esinamagqabi kwaye siyanyangeka kwaye silungele amanzi abandayo. Ngokukhanya okuhle, amagqabi aphezulu ajika abe orenji. Ayifuni i-CO2 yangaphandle.

• IVallisneria americana giganteaIlungele ii-aquarium ezinkulu okanye amachibi, yenza iiribhoni ezinde ezibonelela ngekhusi.
• Ikrele leAmazon (I-Echinodorus amazonicus): inyamezela ubushushu obuthile, ukuba nje utshintsho alukhawulezi.
• Eleocharis acicularisIsityalo esifana nengca esikhaphethi esifuna ukukhanya okuphakathi kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi obunyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Asidingi i-CO2 yangaphandle kwaye sifanelekile ukwenza iikhaphethi kwii-aquariums ezinamanzi abandayo akhanyiswe kakuhle.

Kukho izityalo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo kwii-aquarium zamanzi acocekileyo. Sigxile kuphela kwezona zixhaphakileyo nezisetyenziswa kakhulu; nangona kunjalo, ziza ngeemilo kunye nemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, Kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesityalo olufunekayo kwintlanzi ethile.kuba ezinye ziya kufuna uhlobo oluthile lwesityalo ukuze ziphile, zikhule, okanye zizive zikhululekile.

Izityalo Upholstery

Izityalo zekhaphethi zezo zibekwe ngaphambili kwi-aquarium. Ke ngoko, kufuneka zibe zezona zintle kakhulu. Zezo ziya kubonakala xa uzijonga kuqala kwaye zichaza uhlobo lwe-aquascape kwii-aquarium ezininzi ezityaliweyo.

Izityalo esizikhethela ngaphambili mazibe zezona zitsala amehlo. Kufuneka zikhethwe ngononophelo ukuze... phucula ukuhombisa, uvakalelo lobunzulu kunye nokuhambelana nezinye iindawo eziphakathi nokuphakama kunye nomgangatho ongasemva.

Ezona zilungileyo zezo zityalo zigquma umhlaba ezingakhuli kakhulu.Ezi zinokugubungela i-substrate ngokulinganayo kwaye zenze amadlelo amahle. Ngokubanzi, ukuba zizityalo eziphilayo, ziphakathi kwezona zifuna kakhulu ukukhanya, i-CO2, kunye nomgangatho we-substrate.

Ezinye zezona zinto zidumileyo kwii-aquarium zamanzi acocekileyo zezi:

• Eleocharis acicularis kunye Eleocharis sp. mini: impembelelo yengca, kulula ukuyisika nokuyilungisa.
• Ii-elatinoids zeGlossostigma: sele kukhankanyiwe, intle kakhulu kwaye ijongeka ingcali.
• UMarsilea hirsuta: isigqubuthelo somhlaba esikhula kancinci kwaye sinyamezela kancinci.
• I-Hemianthus callitrichoides «Cuba»: incinci kakhulu kwaye incinci, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aquascaping ephucukileyo (ifuna ukukhanya okuphezulu kunye ne-CO2).

Izityalo ngaphandle kwe-substrate

Xa sithetha ngesityalo esingenasiseko, sibhekisa kwinto yokuba Akufuneki zifunxe izondlo ngeengcambu ezingcwatyiweyoZingachuma nakweyiphi na intlabathi engasebenziyo okanye ngaphandle kokutyalwa. Zizityalo ezingadingi kutyalwa kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba, kodwa endaweni yoko Zisekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa njengezigodo, amatye, izinto zodongwe, okanye imihombiso yokwenziwa.

Eli qela liza kuquka, umzekelo, Anubias, IMicrosorum pteropus (I-Java fern), Bucephalandra kunye nokuninzi iimouse zasemanzini (I-Taxiphyllum, iVesicularia, njl.njl.). Ezi ntlobo zifunxa uninzi lwezondlo zazo ngqo emanzini ngamagqabi azo kunye neerhizomes.

Ngale ndlela, unokuba nesixhobo esihle sokuhombisa esinezityalo zokwenyani ngaphandle kokufuna isiseko esifuna ukugcinwa komgangatho ophezulu. Lukhetho olukhethwayo kwii-aquariums ezinee-fish aquarium ezimbayo, ii-shrimp tanks, okanye ii-cichlid tanks apho isiseko sihlala sixutywa.

Izityalo ezendeleyo

Ezi zezo sele zimile kwiinkuni nasematyeni.Ezi zityalo zibonelela ngenkqubo elula yokongeza imihombiso yendalo kwi-aquarium yakho, njengoko kufuneka ubeke nje umthi okanye ilitye elisele lityaliwe kwindawo oyifunayo.

Ngezi ntlobo zezityalo, akufuneki silinde ukuba zikhule ukuze zibonakale, kwaye ziya kuba igalelo elikhulu lokuhombisa Ukususela kusuku lokuqala. Kuqhelekile ukufumana ezivenkileni iinkuni ezityalwe nge-Anubias, i-Bucephalandras okanye ii-Java ferns, kunye namatye agqunywe yi-Java moss.

Ngaphezu koko, le fomathi "ekulungele ukufakwa" icetyiswa kakhulu kwabaqalayo abangafuni ukuxinwa ziindlela zokubambelela (intambo, iiglu ezikhethekileyo, njl.njl.) kunye neminqweno Iziphumo ezibonakalayo ezikhawulezayo.

Izityalo ezibomvu

Umbala obomvu uhlala ulukhetho olufanelekileyo kwii-aquarium zethu kuba unika umahluko onomtsalane kakhulu kunye nohlaza lwezityalo ezininzi. Ukwazisa ezinye izityalo ezibomvu kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo (ngesiqhelo embindini okanye ngasemva kwe-aquarium) kongeza ubunzulu kunye nendawo enamandla kakhulu yokugxila.

Phakathi kwezityalo ezibomvu ze-aquarium ezibaluleke kakhulu zezi zilandelayo:

• I-Alternanthera reineckii
• IAmmania senegalensis
• Echinodorus uMtyholi oBomvu
• I-Cryptocoryne albida "Brown"
• I-Echinodorus iDayimani ebomvu
• I-Echinodorus Ozelot
• ULudwigia uphendula "uRubin"
• I-Echinodorus Hadi Pearl ebomvu
• I-Echinodorus Fancy Twist
• I-Echinodorus Red Chameleon

Uninzi lwezi zityalo zibomvu zifuna umgangatho wokukhanya olungileyo kunye nesichumisokwaye kwezinye iimeko ikwayi-CO2, ukubonisa umbala wazo opheleleyo nobukhali. Kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi, zihlala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye zilahlekelwe ngumbala wazo obomvu obukhali.

Kulula ukukhathalela

Abantu abaninzi bayakhangela izityalo zokunyamekela lula Xa uzisa izityalo eziphilayo kwi-aquarium yakho, kungcono ukuqala ngeentlobo eziqinileyo ezinokunyamezela iimpazamo zabaqalayo, utshintsho kutshintsho lwamanzi, okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla kokukhanya.

Nantsi ifayile uluhlu lwezona zilula kulula ukuyigcina kwaye phantse nawuphi na umntu othanda amachibi anokuyigcina:

• Iikhompyuter: iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo nemibala, zikhula kancinci kodwa ziqinile kakhulu xa sele zilungelelanisiwe.
• Echinodorus"Iinkemba zeAmazon" zilula kwaye zinika umvuzo omkhulu ukuba zinesiseko esinempilo.
• Anubias: mhlawumbi zezona zityalo zicetyiswayo kwabaqalayo.
• Ambula (Limnophila sessiliflora): ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubonakala okufana neentsiba.
• IiVallisnerias: kulula, kuyahombisa kwaye kuphinda-phinda ngabagijimi ngaphandle kokuma.
• Hygrophila polyspermaInyamezela phantse yonke into kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
• Ifeni yeJava (Microsorum): ilungele ii-aquariums ezinokukhanya okuphantsi okanye iintlanzi ezihambisa i-substrate.
• Iimpazamo zasemanziniI-Java moss, i-Christmas moss, njl., phantse akunakwenzeka ukubulala ngokukhanya okuphakathi.

Izityalo ezenza ioksijini

Ezi zizityalo, ngenxa yemetabolism yazo kunye nesantya sokukhula kwazo, ezibonelela unikezelo lweoksijini eyongezelelweyo Ukungenisa umoya emanzini kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo entle yentlanzi, kwaye nangona isihluzo kunye nokushukuma komphezulu sele kunceda, izityalo ziyinxalenye efanelekileyo.

Nazi ezinye ze izityalo ezilungileyo zokuhambisa ioksijini kwii-aquariums zamanzi acocekileyo:

• ICeratophyllum demersum (umsila wempungutye): ikhawuleza kakhulu ukutya izondlo kwaye ivelisa ioksijini.
• I-Egeria densa (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-Elodea): isetyenziswa kakhulu kumachibi nakwii-aquarium ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle.
• IHottonia palustris
• I-Myriophyllum brasilensis
• I-Myriophyllum yasemanzini
• I-Orontium aquaticum
• Ranunculus aquatilis
• IVallisneria gigantea

Ukugcina isityalo siphilile kwaye ekukhuleni okusebenzayo kuphucula umgangatho wamanzi ngokubanzi, ukuba sigcina ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kwezityalo, iintlanzi kunye nokutya.

Olunye Uqwalaselo lweZityalo ze-Aquarium

Xa sine-aquarium ekhayaUkongeza ekujongeni izinto ezifana nobushushu, i-pH, i-asidi, ubulukhuni, kunye nokuhluzwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izityalo ezikwi-aquarium yakho. Ezi zityalo kufuneka zigcinwe ziphilile ukuthintela naziphi na iingxaki zempilo kwizilwanyana zakho okanye ukwanda kweebhaktheriya kunye nefungi kwizinto ezibolayo zezityalo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izityalo esinazo kwi-aquarium yethu Kufuneka zihlale ziphila kwaye zikwimeko entle ukuze iintlanzi zive zikhululekile kwindawo ezihlala kuyo, zikwazi ukuzimela phakathi kwazo, okanye zitye kuzo xa kufanelekile. Khumbula ukuba izityalo ze-aquarium kufuneka zibe zintsha kwaye ziphile xa zithengwa. Ziphephe iisampulu ezityheli, ezo zinamagqabi anyibilikayo, okanye ezo zineengcambu ezonakeleyo.

Yiyo loo nto sikuzisele ezinye apha. i ngcebiso ukuze izityalo zikwazi ukufezekisa umsebenzi wazo echibini lethu okanye kwi-aquarium.

Inyathelo lokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba, ukuze izityalo zibe kwimeko entle kakhulu, zibe ukukhanya okuhle kunye ne-CO2Ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi zinto ezaneleyo, akucetyiswa ukuba ufake isichumisi esikhulu, njengoko izinto zinokuqokelelana kakhulu kwaye zondle ulwelwe. Kwezi meko, ungongeza inani elincinci le-potassium, kuba sisondlo esingafane sibangele iingxaki zolwelwe ngokwaso.

Kwimeko ye Izityalo ezidadayo zasemanziniNjengoko amagqabi azo eqala ukuvela ngaphezulu komphezulu aze asondele ekukhanyeni, anokuthintela ukukhanya ekufikeleleni kwezinye izityalo ezikwi-aquarium. Ke ngoko, sicebisa ukuba ungawavumeli akhule kakhulu ukuze izityalo ezincinci nazo zizuze ekukhanyeni kwesibane okanye elangeni elingathanga ngqo.

Ngokufanayo, sicebisa ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwegrabile olulinganisa phakathi 3 kunye ne-5 mmKuba i-substrate encinci nencinci inokuyifunxa iingcambu zesityalo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zibole kwaye zife ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini. Ngokufanayo, nangona amanzi angathathi cala e-pH efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi ze-aquarium, khumbula ukuba izityalo ezininzi zithanda amanzi ane-asidi encinci ukuze zikhule kakuhle. Funda ngakumbi malunga neentlobo ze-substrate kwi [link to relevant information].

Lufuna luphi ukhathalelo lwezityalo ze-aquarium?

Izityalo ze-aquarium zifuna ezinye ukhathalelo oluphambili Ukuze uhlale usempilweni, kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno ezisisiseko kwaye uzilandele rhoqo. Makhe sihlalutye nganye nganye izinto eziphambili ezigxininiswa ziivenkile ezininzi ze-aquarium ezityaliweyo:

• Ukukhanya: Ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena kwi-aquarium yinto ebalulekileyo. Kufuneka kube kukukhanya okusemgangathweni ophezulu okwaneleyo. Izityalo ezidadayo azidingi kukhanya kuninzi kuba zikufutshane nomphezulu. Ezinye izityalo ziya kufuna ukukhanya okunamandla ngakumbi. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokukhanya kwendalo (okusoloko kungathanga ngqo kwaye kulawulwa) okanye ukukhanya okwenziweyo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ze-LED okanye ze-fluorescent ezenzelwe ii-aquarium.
• CO2: Kuluncedo kakhulu ukuyifaka kwi-aquarium, kungekuphela nje ngokuba sisondlo esibalulekileyo kwizityalo ukuze zikwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesize, kodwa kwanokuba inceda ekunciphiseni kancinci i-pH yamanzi. Oku kuyimfuneko kwiindawo ezininzi zokuseta i-aquascaping ukudala iimeko ezilungileyo kwizityalo zethu ezifuna kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukunikezelwa kwe-CO2 okulawulwa kakuhle kunceda ukunciphisa ukwanda kwe-algae engafunekiyo ngokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo ngamandla.
• Izichumisi: Xa sele sinokukhanya okwaneleyo kunye ne-CO2, kufuneka songeze uhlobo oluthile lwesichumiso ukuze izityalo zibe nazo zonke izondlo ezifunekayo (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-iron, kunye nezinye izondlo ezincinci). Kubalulekile ukulawula ubungakanani kunye neemfuno zesondlo ngasinye ngokwenza ulawulo olusisiseko lweekhemikhali ye-aquarium (ii-nitrate, ii-phosphates, ubulukhuni, njl.njl.) ukuqinisekisa ukuba asifaki isichumiso esingaphezulu, njengoko sinokuba semngciphekweni wokosulela i-aquarium yethu.
• Isiseko: el i-substrate yezondlo Akufuneki kakhulu kuzo zonke izityalo. Enyanisweni, kukho iintlobo ezingadingi mhlaba kwaye zihlala zinamathele kwizinto. Nangona kunjalo, kwizityalo ezineengcambu ezomeleleyo (i-Echinodorus, i-Cryptocoryne, izityalo ezininzi eziqinileyo), umhlaba olungileyo otyebileyo kwizakhamzimba okanye iipellets zesichumiso ezingcwatyiweyo ziya kuhlala zamkelekile kwaye ziya kuphucula kakhulu ukukhula kwazo.

Ungazifumana kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo izichumisi zezityalo ze-aquarium Sinikezela ngezichumisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngendlela engamanzi okanye njengeepellets ezingcwatywe kwilitye elimdaka. Sisebenzisana neempawu eziphambili zezichumisi zezityalo ze-aquarium ezifana ne-Eheim, i-Aquaplants, i-JBL, i-Seachem, njl. Ukhetho luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-aquarium (izityalo ezimbalwa okanye ezininzi), uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwakho, kunye nokuba ukhetha inkqubo elula okanye ephucukileyo yokuchumisa.

Kutheni kulungile ukubeka izityalo kwi-aquarium?

Ukubeka izityalo kwi-aquarium yethu kunokuba ngumbono olungileyo kakhulu kuba Izizathu ezahlukeneyoUkuba nje zizityalo zokwenyani, singazuza kuzo zonke iimpawu ezizisa kwi-aquarium yethu. Nezityalo ezenziweyo ziyanceda ngobuhle kwaye zibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala, kodwa ezokwenyani zibonelela ngokungaphezulu.

Makhe sijonge izizathu zokuba kutheni kulungile ukubeka izityalo kwi-aquarium yamanzi acocekileyo:

• Zitya izondlo ezinobungozi emanzini (i-ammonium, ii-nitrites kancinci kwaye ingakumbi ii-nitrate), ezinceda ngokuthe ngqo kwimpilo yeentlanzi kunye nendalo yonke.
• Banikezela ngeoksijini emanzini Emini, ngenxa ye-photosynthesis, iintlanzi ziphefumla kakuhle kwaye iintsholongwane eziluncedo zihlala zisebenza.
• Banika iindawo zokukhosela, zokudlala kunye nokuphumla. kwintlanzi ezininzi kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezingenamqolo. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwaye kuphucula indlela eziziphatha ngayo ngokwendalo.
• Kwindalo, iintlanzi zisebenzisa izityalo ukubeka iqandaKe ngoko, kwi-aquarium baya kusebenzisa ezi zityalo njengendawo yokusabela amantshontsho abo, ingakumbi kwiindawo zokuzalela okanye kwiindawo zokuhlala apho iintlanzi zifuna indawo yokuzimela.
• Ngokwenza i-photosynthesis kunye nokutya izondlo, Zinceda ekulawuleni ukwanda kolwelweezikhuphisana ngezixhobo ezifanayo kodwa azisebenzi kakuhle xa kukho izityalo eziphilileyo.
• Ziphucula ubuhle be-aquarium. ngendlela emangalisayo, enika inkangeleko yendalo, ephumzayo nemnandi ngakumbi kunehombiso elula engenabomi yokwenziwa.
• Zikuvumela ukuba udale iindawo eziphantsi kwamanzi zokwenyani (aquascaping) edibanisa ubume obahlukeneyo, imibala kunye nobude, iguqula i-aquarium ibe yinto yokuhombisa enexabiso elikhulu elibonakalayo.
• Zikhuthaza ukwahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi ngokuxhasa iibhaktheriya, izilwanyana ezincinci kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo eziluncedo ezinegalelo ekuzinzeni kwenkqubo yendalo.

Njengoko ubona, izityalo ze-aquarium zilukhetho oluhle kakhulu lokuhombisa kunye ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokuphila kakuhle kweentlanzi. Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwi-aquarium yakho, inqanaba lamava akho, kunye nezixhobo zakho zokukhanyisa/ze-CO2 kuya kwenza umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwetanki eliphakathi kunye ne-aquarium ephilayo nesempilweni ehlala izinzile ixesha elide.

Ngolu lwazi, uluhlu lweentlobo ezicetyiswayo, kunye neengcebiso malunga nokukhanya, ukuchumisa, kunye ne-CO2, unesiseko esipheleleyo sokukhetha nokudibanisa izityalo ze-aquarium ezilungileyo kakhulu zamanzi acocekileyo kwaye uguqule itanki yakho yeentlanzi ibe yiparadesi encinci yendalo ekhaya.