Uhlaziyo lwamva nje kwi-IUCN European Red List of Freshwater Fishes luveza umfanekiso oxhalabisayo kakhulu ngemilambo, amachibi kunye nemithombo yelizwekazi. Ngokwale ngxelo, phantse iintlobo ezintandathu kwezilishumi de peces imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo eYurophu inenqanaba lomngcipheko oxhalabisa kakhulu iingcali kulondolozo.
Ingxelo ithi Ama-42% eentlobo ezihlalutyiweyo sele zisengozini yokuphelangelixa amanye ama-18% ehlelwa njengasengozini. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngaphandle kwamanyathelo asebenzayo kwixesha elifutshane neliphakathi, inxalenye enkulu yezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zaseYurophu inokuphela kwisizukulwana esinye.
Umfanekiso omfutshane weentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zaseYurophu
Uvavanyo olwenziwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lusekelwe kuphando lwe- Iindidi ezingama-558 de peces amanzi acocekileyo asuka eYurophuUkuze silungiselele olu xilongo, sisebenzisene neengcali ezingaphezu kwe-135 ezivela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30, nto leyo esinika umbono wobukhulu kunye nobunzima bomsebenzi owenziweyo.
Ukusuka kwelo qela leentlobo, Ngaphantsi kancinci kwesiqingatha sokugcinwa, okwangoku, imeko yolondolozo ithathwa njengengakhathazi kangakoKodwa ezinye zahlulwe ngokwamaqela ezisongelo ukusuka “Kwindawo Ephantse Yaba Sesichengeni” ukuya “Kwindawo Esengozini Enkulu.” I-IUCN igxininisa ukuba ipesenti yeentlobo zezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela inyuke malunga ne-5% ukusukela ngo-2011, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba imeko iya isiba mandundu kwiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi.
Ingxelo ikwaqaqambisa oko Akukho zimpawu zokuchacha kwiindawo eziphilayo zasemanzini zaseYurophu.Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu de peces Baqhubeka nomkhwa wokuhla okuqhubekayo, nangona kukho ezinye imizamo yokubuyisela umlambo kunye nokukhuselwa kweendawo zokuhlala okwenziwa kumazwe ahlukeneyo.
Ngokutsho kwe-IUCN, iintlanzi zasemanzini acocekileyo zifumaneka uphawu oluphambili lwempilo yeenkqubo zendalo zelizwekaziUkuncipha kwayo kubonisa ukuwohloka okubanzi kwemilambo, amachibi, iindawo ezimanzi kunye nemithombo, nto leyo enefuthe ngqo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo kunye nokunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye iinkonzo zendalo oluxhomekeke kuzo uluntu.
Ukuba le ndlela ayijikwanga, IYurophu ingalahlekelwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yelifa layo lendalo elinxulumene namanzi acocekileyokunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ezinyamalala ngokuthe cwaka nangokucacileyo kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala zemveli.
Phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana sisecicini lokuphela.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezifunyenwe kolu phando kukuba Ama-42% eentlobo ezivavanyiweyo sele zithathwa njengezisengozini yokuphelaOku kuquka iindidi zezilwanyana ezisengozini, ezisengozini, nezisengozini enkulu. Ezinye i-18% zidweliswe njengezisengozini enkulu, oko kuthetha ukuba ezi zilwanyana zinokufudukela kudidi olunobungozi obukhulu ukuba iimeko zazo zemvelo ziya zisiba mandundu kancinci.
Sisonke phantse iintlobo ezintandathu kwezilishumi de peces Imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo yaseYurophu ayinakuthathwa njengekhuselekileyo Ngokwembono yolondolozo, le meko ixhalabisa ngakumbi kwimeko apho ezinye iingxaki zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nengxaki yemozulu okanye ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezixhobo zamanzi, ziqhubeka zisanda.
I-IUCN isikhumbuza ukuba Iintlanzi zasemanzini acocekileyo zezona ntlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo emhlabeniKwaye iYurophu ayifani. Uninzi lwezi ntlobo zinemida kakhulu yokusasazwa, enxulumene nemilambo ethile okanye iinkqubo zasemanzini, ngoko ke naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu kuloo ndawo yokuhlala lunokuba nemiphumo ethe ngqo nekhawulezileyo ekusindeni kwazo.
Ngaphezu koko, ezi ntlanzi Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindlela zokutya kunye nokulinganisela indalo yezinto eziphilayo zasemanziniUkunyamalala kwazo kunokubangela iziphumo zokuwa kwezilwanyana ezingenamqolo, iintaka, izilwanyana ezanyisayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, uluntu oluxhomekeke kwezi nkqubo zendalo ukuze lufumane amanzi, ukuloba, okanye ukuzonwabisa.
Ukwanda kwe-5% kwinani leentlobo zezilwanyana ezisengozini ukusukela ngo-2011 kubonisa ukuba Amanyathelo okukhusela nokubuyisela asetyenzisiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku awanelanga ukunqanda ukonakala kweendawo zokuhlala emilanjeni nasemachibini kweli lizwekazi.
Iintlobo ezifudukayo: zezona zichaphazeleka kakhulu ngamadama kunye nee-dikes
Ngaphakathi kweseti de peces ihlalutywe, Iintlobo zeentlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo ezifudukayo zibonakala zizezona zisengozini kakhulu.Ngokolu vavanyo, malunga ne-39% yezi ntlanzi ziyancipha, inani elingaphezulu kakhulu kunelo leentlobo ezingafudukiyo, apho malunga ne-14% yazo zibonisa iindlela zokubuyela umva.
Lo mahluko wamanqaku angaphezu kwama-20 ekhulwini ubonakalisa impembelelo imiqobo ebonakalayo enqumla okanye eqhekeza imijelo yamanzi, njengamadama, ii-dikes, ii-weirs, kunye nezinye iziseko ze-hydraulic. Ezi zakhiwo zithintela okanye zithintela ngokuthe ngqo iintlanzi ekugqibeni ukufuduka kwazo kwendalo phakathi kweendawo zokuzalela, zokugcina abantwana, kunye nezokutya.
I-IUCN ichaza esi siphumo semiqobo njenge "Itshabalalisa" iintlobo zezilwanyana ezifudukayoUninzi lwezi ntlobo kufuneka zihambe imigama emide zinyuka okanye zehle ukuze zigqibezele umjikelo wobomi bazo. Xa zingakwazi ukwenza njalo, ukuzala kuyancitshiswa kakhulu kwaye uninzi lwazo ekugqibeleni luyaphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.
EYurophu, uxinano lwamadama nezinye iziseko zophuhliso emilanjeni luphezulu kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinesiko lokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi okanye ukunkcenkceshela kakhulu. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni Iindawo ezininzi zomlambo zahlulwe zaba ziinxalenye ezincinciukunciphisa unxibelelwano lwendalo kunye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwendalo.
Iingcali zithi, ngaphaya kokudiliza amadama aphelelwe lixesha, Kubalulekile ukuzibophelela kwizisombululo eziphucula ukuqhubeka komlamboLa manyathelo aquka iindlela zeentlanzi ezicwangciswe kakuhle, ukususwa kwemiqobo emincinci engeyomfuneko, kunye nokulungiswa kwemida yemilambo eguquliweyo. Ngaphandle kwale misebenzi, ukubuyiselwa kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezifudukayo kubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
Iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuhlala: iinkqubo ze-karst, imithombo, kunye nemilambo ehlala ixesha elide
Ingxelo ye-IUCN ikwagxila nakwiintlobo zeendawo zokuhlala ezisengozini enkulu. Iinkqubo zeKarst zibonakala ziyindawo ebuthathaka kakhulungaphezulu kwe-90% yeentlobo de peces ezihlala kuzo kwimeko eyingozi. Ezi nkqubo, ezenziwe kumhlaba welitye elinemiqolomba, imingxunya yokuntywila, kunye neegalari ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ziindawo zokuhlala ezikhuselekileyo de peces ikhetheke kakhulu kwaye inovelwano kulo naluphi na utshintsho lwamanzi.
Nabo, imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo kunye nemilambo kunye nemijelo ephumayo Zikwajongene noxinzelelo olukhulu. Indawo nganye yokuhlala ikwindawo emalunga nama-54% eentlobo zezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela, nto leyo ebonisa indlela ezi ndawo ezibuthathaka ngayo kwaye zisengozini yokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamanzi, kunye nongcoliseko.
I-IUCN ilumkisa ukuba Uninzi lwezi ndalo zibuthathaka zikwiMeditera yaseYurophuLo mmandla ujongene noxinzelelo lwamanzi olungapheliyo, imbalela exhaphakileyo neqatha, kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu okuqhubekayo. Konke oku kunciphisa amandla eendawo zokuhlala ezinamanzi acocekileyo okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Kwimithombo nasemilanjeni enomsinga wexesha lonyaka, Nakuphi na ukwehla okungakumbi kwamanqanaba amanzi kunokushiya iintlobo zezilwanyana ezikhethekileyo zingenandawo yokuhlala.ezingakwaziyo ukufudukela kwezinye iinkqubo zasemanzini. Oku kuzibeka kwimeko yokuba sesichengeni kakhulu seembalela okanye ungcoliseko oluhlala apho.
Ezi ndawo, nangona zihlala zingabonakali kwaye zingabonakali kuluntu ngokubanzi, Ziindawo zokwenene zokuhlala eziphilayo ezahlukeneyoUkulahlekelwa zizo akuthethi nje kuphela ukunyamalala kweentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana de peceskodwa nakwizilwanyana ezingenamqolo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezilungelelaniswe neemeko ezithile zokuhamba kwamanzi, ubushushu kunye nomgangatho wamanzi.
Iingozi eziphambili: ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ungcoliseko, kunye notshintsho lwemozulu
I-IUCN ichonga uluhlu lweengcinezelo ezisebenza ngaxeshanye kwiintlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo zaseYurophu. Phakathi kwazo, ukuguqulwa kweendawo zokuhlala ngokusebenzisa amadama, iidike kunye nezinye iziseko zophuhliso Ithathwa njengeyona ngozi ixhaphakileyo, inefuthe elithe ngqo kwi-69% yeentlobo ezivavanyiweyo.
Olu tshintsho lomzimba ludibaniswa zezinye izinto ezithi, xa zidibene, Ziyandisa ukwehla kwabemi de pecesUngcoliseko oluvela kwiindlela ezihlala emanzini, kwezolimo nakwimizi-mveliso luwohloza umgangatho wamanzi, lunciphisa ioksijini ekhoyo kwaye luqokelela izinto ezinobuthi kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.
Enye indlela evulekileyo yile iintlobo zezilwanyana zasemzini ezihlaselayoEzi ntlobo zikhuphisana ngokutya nendawo neentlanzi zasekuhlaleni okanye zizisa izifo apho iintlobo zasekuhlaleni zingenakuzikhusela kuzo. Kwimilambo emininzi yaseYurophu, ukubakho kweentlobo zasemzini sele kuyingxaki yesakhiwo.
Utshintsho lwemozulu lusebenza njengenye into eyongezelelweyo Itshintsha iipatheni zokuhamba kwamanzi, ubushushu bamanzi, kunye nokuphindaphindeka kweziganeko ezigqithisileyo.Iziqendu zemvula enkulu, ezilandelwa lixesha elide lokungabikho kwemvula, zitshintsha ngequbuliso iimeko zokuhlala, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ezineemfuno ezithile zokusingqongileyo.
Ukudityaniswa kwazo zonke ezi ngcinezelo kuthetha ukuba, ngokoqobo, iintlobo ezininzi de peces imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo ijongene nemeko yomngcipheko oqokelelweyoLe asiyongxaki inye kuphela, kodwa liqela leengozi ezidibanayo ezenza ukuba ukubuyiselwa kwezidalwa ngokwemvelo kube nzima kakhulu.
Isicelo sokwenza into eYurophu
Ngenxa yesi simo, i-IUCN ithumela umyalezo ocacileyo: Ngaphandle kwenyathelo elingxamisekileyo nelidibeneyo, iYurophu isengozini yokulahlekelwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Lo mbutho ugxininisa ukuba kubalulekile ukujongana nezizathu ezibangela ukuhla kwaye singazibekeli umda kwiindlela zokungenelela ezizimeleyo.
Phakathi kwezinto eziza kuqala eziqaqanjiswe ziingcali kukho ukubuyiselwa konxibelelwano lomlambongokususa amadama angasasetyenziswayo kunye neminye imiqobo engeyomfuneko, kunye nokuyila ngokutsha iziseko ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso ukunciphisa impembelelo yazo kwiindlela zokufuduka kweentlanzi.
Ikwathathwa njengesiseko ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi ngokulawula ngokungqongqo ukukhupha amanzi, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko olusasazekayo kwezolimo kunye nokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwamanzi amdaka asezidolophini nakwimizi-mveliso, kunye ukukhululwa ukuze komelezwe uluntuNgaphandle kophuculo olukhulu kule ndawo, ukubuyiselwa kweenkqubo zendalo zamanzi acocekileyo kuya kuhlala kuncinci.
Ukulawula iintlobo zezilwanyana ezihlaselayo, kunye nokukhusela iindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo ezifana iinkqubo zekarst, imithombo kunye nemilambo ejikelezayo yeMediteraOku kuvela njengenye indawo ephambili ekufuneka ithathwe. Ukukhusela ezi ndawo kudla ngokubandakanya ukuphonononga ucwangciso lwamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba kwiindawo zazo.
Ngaxeshanye, ukuhlanganiswa kokuguquguquka kwemozulu kulawulo lwamanzi ngoku akunakuphepheka. Ukucwangcisa ngeemeko zotshintsho lwemozulu ezibekwe etafileni Kuya kusinceda ukuba silindele iimeko zoxinzelelo olukhulu lwamanzi kunye namanyathelo oyilo lokuziqhelanisa aqwalasela iimfuno zezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kungekhona nje iimfuno zabantu.
Uvavanyo olunikezelwa yi-European Red List of Freshwater Fish lucacile: iyantlukwano de peces Uqoqosho lwelizwekazi eYurophu lukwimeko ebalulekileyoNjengoko phantse isiqingatha seentlobo zezilwanyana sisengozini okanye sisecaleni lokuba sibe njalo, izigqibo ezenziwe ngoku malunga nokulondolozwa, ulawulo lwamanzi, kunye nokubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala ziya kugqiba ukuba imilambo namachibi aseYurophu ayaqhubeka nokuba nobutyebi bezinto eziphilayo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
