Uvavanyo lwe-Aquarium oluthembekileyo oluyi-100%: Iindidi, iiParameters, kunye neSikhokelo esipheleleyo

Uvavanyo lwe-aquarium alukhuthazwa nje kuphela, kodwa lunokuthathwa njengento eyimfuneko ukugcina umgangatho wamanzi kwaye siqinisekisa impilo yeentlanzi zethu kunye nabanye abemi basemanzini. Kulula kwaye kuyakhawuleza ukuzisebenzisa, zizixhobo ezinceda abo basaqalayo kunye nabasebenzi basemanzini abanamava abafuna ii-aquariums ezizinzileyo nezintle ezineentlanzi ezihlala ixesha elide.

Kule nqaku siza kujonga ngokweenkcukacha imiba eluncedo kakhulu enxulumene novavanyo lwe-aquarium.Siza kuchaza ukuba zenzelwe ntoni, indlela yokuzisebenzisa, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, iiparameters ezizilinganisayo, ukuba zihlalutywe kangaphi, indlela yokukhetha ikhiti ethembekileyo ngokwenene, kunye neempazamo eziqhelekileyo ekufuneka uziphephe. ​​Siza kuquka nolwazi olusebenzayo olusekelwe kumava eevenkile ezikhethekileyo kunye neeforam ze-aquarist, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa iziphumo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Ngendlela, sikwacebisa ukuba ujonge eli nqaku linye malunga I-CO2 yee-aquariums, enye yezinto ezikhoyo emanzini ekufuneka zilawulwe ngokusondeleyo xa sithetha ngee-aquariums ezityaliweyo kunye nokulinganisela ngokubanzi.

Luyintoni uvavanyo lwe-aquarium?

Xa ubeka i-aquarium, ufumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba Umgangatho wamanzi yeyona nto iphambili kwimpilo yeentlanzi...yezityalo kunye nazo naziphi na izilwanyana ezingenamqolo ozigcinayo. Iintlanzi ziphila emanzini, ziphefumla ngawo, kwaye imizimba yazo isoloko idibana nezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo, ngoko ke naluphi na utshintsho kwindawo yabo yasemanzini (i-pH, i-ammonia, ii-nitrites, ubushushu, ubulukhuni…) zinokubangela uxinzelelo, ukugula, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa.

Uvavanyo lwe-aquarium lusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo ngamaxesha onke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umgangatho wamanzi ufanelekile na.Ngenxa yabo ungajonga iiparameter ezifana i-pH, ubulukhuni, i-ammonia, i-nitrite, i-nitrate, i-chlorine, i-KH okanye i-CO2Ezi xabiso, phakathi kwezinye, zikuxelela ukuba amanzi akhuselekile na kwiintlanzi zakho okanye ukuba kufuneka uthathe inyathelo ngokutshintsha amanzi, ukulungisa izihluzi, utshintsho ekutyeni, okanye ukulungisa ubungakanani bokutya. de peces.

Ngaphezu koko, uvavanyo aluluncedo kuphela ekuthinteleni iingxaki: Kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo i-aquarium yakhoNgovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, uqala ukubona iipateni: kwenzeka ntoni xa usondla kakhulu, xa wongeza iintlanzi, xa utshintsha isihluzo, xa uzisa izityalo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza… Olu lwazi lukuvumela ukuba yenza izigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha kwaye kungekuphela nje "ngeliso".

Kubalulekile ukuyigxininisa loo nto Uvavanyo lwe-aquarium alukwenziwa kuphela xa uzalisa itanki okokuqala.Ziyinxalenye esisiseko yokugcinwa rhoqo. Ikhemikhali yamanzi iyatshintsha rhoqo ngenxa yomsebenzi weentlanzi, iintsholongwane, izityalo, kunye nento oyenzayo (ukondla, ukufaka isichumiso, ukutshintsha amanzi, amayeza, njl.njl.). Ukuba nesixhobo esithembekileyo kukunika uxolo lwengqondo ukwazi ukuba unokubona ukungalingani ngaphambi kokuba kube yingxaki.

Ngenxa yezi zizathu zonke, iingcali ezininzi kunye neevenkile ezikhethekileyo ze-aquarium zikholelwa ukuba Isixhobo sokuvavanya esilungileyo sibaluleke kakhulu njengesihluzo okanye iheater.Ngaphandle kweso sixhobo, ubuya kuba mnyama malunga nokuba kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwi-aquarium yakho.

Uyenza kanjani uvavanyo lwe-aquarium

Nangona kunjalo Ezinye iivenkile zezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye namaziko ezilwanyana zibonelela ngethuba lokuhlalutya amanzi kwi-aquarium yakho.Apha siza kugxila kwiikiti ezikuvumela ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwakho ekhaya, ezizezona zenza umahluko omkhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuba nazo zifumaneka lula kukuvumela ukuba usabele ngokukhawuleza kuzo naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga kwintlanzi yakho (ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, amaphiko arhoxileyo, intlanzi phezu kwamanzi, ukukhula kwe-algae okungalawulekiyo, njl.njl.).

Ukusebenza ngokubanzi kovavanyo lwezorhwebo kuyafana kakhulu. Uninzi lwazo lubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli encinci yamanzi kwi-aquarium yakho. kwaye uyifake kwi-reagent. Le reagent itshintsha umbala okanye ivelise ukufundwa kwisixhobo sedijithali, uze uthelekise isiphumo ne itshathi yemibala okanye isikali samanani inikwe ngumenzi.

Enyanisweni, inkqubo esisiseko idla ngokuba:

• Thatha isampuli yamanzi kwi-aquarium ngeglasi ecocekileyo, ityhubhu yokuvavanya, okanye ityhubhu.
• Yongeza i-reagent efanelekileyo (cwilisa umcu, yongeza amathontsi ambalwa, okanye ufake i-sensor yedijithali).
• Linda ixesha elichazwe ngumvelisi ukuze kwenzeke impendulo.
• Thelekisa umbala wesampulu netshathi yemibala okanye ufunde ixabiso eliboniswa sisixhobo.
• Bhala phantsi iziphumo ukuze ukwazi ukulandelela ukuvela kwe-aquarium ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kwiimvavanyo zemicu kunye nokuwa, Ukutolikwa kombala yeyona nxalenye ibuthathaka kakhuluYiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba ube nokukhanya okuhle, ujonge imibala ngasemva okumhlophe, kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, hlala uthelekisa ngexesha elifanayo losuku ukuze ukukhanya okukufutshane kufane. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlala lubonelela imiyalelo eneenkcukacha kunye namaxesha athile okusabelaekufuneka ihlonitshwe ukuze kufunyanwe ukufundwa okuthembekileyo.

Abavelisi abaninzi banamhlanje baquka izicelo zeselula Ezi mpawu zikuvumela ukuba uthathe imifanekiso yomcu okanye ufake iziphumo, ngoko ke inkqubo ngokwayo igcina imbali kwaye ikuncede uchonge iindlela ezisetyenziswayo. Olu khetho luluncedo ngakumbi kwii-aquarium ezinkulu, iitanki ezityaliweyo ezifuna umgudu, okanye ukuseta iintlanzi ezininzi, apho uzinzo lwexesha elide lubalulekile.

Iindidi zovavanyo lwe-aquarium

Singaqokelela Iindlela ezintathu ezintle zokwenza uvavanyo lwe-aquarium, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhithi: ngeemicu zovavanyo, ngamathontsi (ulwelo) okanye ngezixhobo zedijithaliZonke zinokubonelela ngeziphumo ezilungileyo ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa nganye ineenzuzo kunye nemida ngokubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni lula, ukuchaneka, ixabiso, kunye nenani leeparameter abazilinganisayo.

Imicu

Uvavanyo oluquka ikhithi yokuqhawula imicu lolona lukhawulezayo nolulula ukulusebenzisaIbhotile nganye idla ngokuba neemicu ezininzi zovavanyo, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa:

• Ufaka umcu emanzini e-aquarium imizuzwana embalwa.
• Yishukumise kancinci ukuze ususe amanzi angaphezulu.
• Ulinda ixesha elichaziweyo (ngesiqhelo lingaphantsi komzuzu).
• Thelekisa imibala yeephedi netshathi eprintiweyo kwiphakheji.

Ngesenzo esinye ungafumana isishwankathelo esifutshane seeparameter ezininzi ngaxeshanye (umzekelo, i-chlorine, i-pH, i-GH, i-KH, ii-nitrites, ii-nitrates…). Yiyo loo nto imicu ifanelekile njenge uvavanyo lokujolisa ngokukhawuleza kwii-aquarium zamanzi acocekileyo, amachibi, imithombo yamanzi, ii-aquarium zaselwandle, kwanamanzi empompi. Kukho iikiti ezi-6-in-1, ezi-7-in-1, okanye iikiti ezineeparameter ezingaphezulu ezenzelwe ukujonga okubanzi.

Ukongeza, uninzi lweempawu ezithengisa olu hlobo lovavanyo ziquka usetyenziso lokugcina iziphumo kwaye wenze iigrafu. Lo msebenzi uluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni, umzekelo, ukuba ii-nitrate zakho zihlala ziphakama kakhulu ekupheleni kweveki, nto leyo enokubonisa ukuba kufuneka wonyuse ukuphindaphinda okanye ubungakanani botshintsho lwamanzi.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ezinye zeengxaki zemicu:

• Ukuchaneka okuncinci okusezantsi kuneemvavanyo zokuwa, kuba izikali zemibala zihlala zibanzi (zinobubanzi endaweni yamaxabiso achanekileyo).
• Imicu ibuthathaka kakhulu ukufuma nomoya: Kufuneka uyivale kakuhle ibhotile kwaye ungayichukumisi ngeminwe emanzi ukuze ungayitshintshi.
• Zilungele ukujongwa rhoqo ngokubanzi, kodwa ukuze kufunyanwe isifo esincinci kakhulu (umzekelo, ukwazi ukuba isondlo sifanelekile na kwi-aquarium enzima kakhulu), kuyacetyiswa uvavanyo oluthile lokuwa.

Amaconsi

Uvavanyo lolwelo okanye uvavanyo lokuyeka Zezinye iindlela ezilungileyo zokuhlalutya umgangatho wamanzi e-aquarium. Xa uzijonga okokuqala zingachukumisa ngaphezu kwemicuEkubeni zihlala ziquka iityhubhu ezincinci zeglasi okanye zeplastiki, amacephe okulinganisa, kunye neebhotile ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, zithatha indawo engakumbi kwaye zifuna itafile encinci okanye indawo yokusebenza ukuze zisetyenziswe kamnandi.

Nangona kunjalo, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Inkqubo esisiseko idla ngokuba:

• Gcwalisa ityhubhu encinci ngomlinganiselo othile wamanzi e-aquarium (umzekelo, i-5 ml).
• Yongeza inani elithile lamathontsi e-reagent.
• Shukumisa kancinci uze ulinde ixesha elichaziweyo.
• Thelekisa umbala ophumayo nesikali sombala esinikiweyo.

Eyona nzuzo iphambili yezi khithi kukuba Zibonelela ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu kwiindidi ezininzi kwaye igubungela uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lweeparameter, ukusuka kwezo zisisiseko (pH, GH, KH, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia) ukuya kwezona zikhethekileyo ngakumbi (iiphosphates, isinyithi, icalcium, imagnesium, ipotassium, njl.njl.), ezibaluleke kakhulu kwii-aquariums zaselwandle okanye ezityalwe kakhulu.

Ukuba ukhetha olu hlobo lovavanyo, ukongeza ekuthembekeni, Qinisekisa ukuba iqulethe izitikha okanye iimpawu zokuchonga ityhubhu nganye Ngale ndlela awuyi kudideka xa usenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Ezinye izixhobo zinesiseko apho ubeka khona iityhubhu phambi kwesikali sombala ukuze kube lula ukufunda.

Kwiimpawu ezininzi, xa i-reagent yeparameter ethile iphela, Kunokwenzeka ukuthenga ibhotile yokutshintsha enye kuphela ngaphandle kokuthenga yonke ikhithi kwakhona. Oku kwenza uvavanyo lokulahla, nangona lutyalo-mali lokuqala olukhulu kancinci, inoqoqosho kakhulu kwixesha eliphakathi nelide, kuba zivumela ukuba kuthathwe inani elikhulu leemilinganiselo.

Digital

Ekugqibeleni, Uvavanyo lwedijithali lolona luchanekileyo kwaye lulula ukulusebenzisa kwiimeko ezininziNangona kunjalo, zikwabiza kakhulu. Zidla ngokuza ngendlela yepensile okanye imitha encinci ye-elektroniki efakwa ngqo emanzini okanye isampuli ekwiglasi.

Ukusebenza kwayo ngokubanzi kulula kakhulu: Ufaka iprobe emanzini uze ufunde ixabiso leenombolo kwisikriniUninzi lwezi zixhobo lunendlela yokulinganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwemilinganiselo kwaye, kwiimodeli eziphambili, zinokugcina iirekhodi ezininzi okanye ziqhagamshele kwezinye iinkqubo.

Ingongoma ephambili kukuba Iimodeli ezininzi zedijithali zilinganisa iparameter enye okanye ezimbalwa kuphela.ezifana ne-pH, i-conductivity/TDS, okanye ubushushu. Ngamanye amazwi, zichaneke kakhulu kwinto eziyilinganisayo, kodwa Aziyitshintshi ngokupheleleyo i-test strip okanye i-drop kit ezigubungela ii-nitrites, ii-nitrates, i-chlorine, i-GH, i-KH, njl. Zingaba luncedo olukhulu, umzekelo, kwii-aquariums apho ulawulo oluhle lwe-pH okanye ityuwa lubaluleke kakhulu (i-aquarium yaselwandle, i-discus, iitanki ze-shrimp ezithambileyo...).

Kufuphi:

• Imicu: ngokukhawuleza, kulula kwaye kuluncedo kakhulu xa ujongwa rhoqo.
• Amaconsi: ukuchaneka okukhulu kunye nokwahluka kweeparamitha; ilungele abo bafuna idatha ethembekileyo kakhulu.
• yedijithaliUkuchaneka kwamanani kunye nokulula kwawo, ngokugqibeleleyo njengokongeza kwiiparameter ezithile ezibalulekileyo.

Zeziphi iiparameter ezilawulwa kuvavanyo lwe-aquarium?

Uninzi lweemvavanyo ze-aquarium lubandakanya uthotho lweeparamitha ezisisiseko ezivumela uvavanyo lomgangatho wamanziZizo ezigqiba ukuba imeko-bume ikhuselekile na kwiintlanzi, nokuba ithanda ukubonakala kwe-algae, okanye ingaba izityalo zinayo na into eziyidingayo ukuze zikhule.

Xa uthenga uvavanyo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba gubungela ubuncinane iiparameter ezisisiseko esiza kuyibona ngezantsi. Kwii-aquariums ezithile (iitanki zaselwandle, ii-reef, ii-shrimp, ii-discus, njl.njl.) kunokufuneka ukongeza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kwezinye izinto (ii-phosphates, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-iron...).

Ikhlorini (CL2)

I-chlorine yinto enobuthi kakhulu kwiintlanzi nakwizilwanyana ezingenamqolo.Isetyenziswa ekunyangweni kwamanzi okusela kwaye ingafikelela kwi-aquarium ngamanzi empompini. Nokuba kuncinci kakhulu ukugxila kunokucaphukisa ii-gill, konakalisa ii-mucous membranes, kwaye kubangele ukufa kweentlanzi.

Ukongeza, i-chlorine yasimahla inokuthi yonakalisa i-reverse osmosis membrane Ukuba usebenzisa le nkqubo ukulungiselela amanzi, ikwachaphazela neqela leentsholongwane eziluncedo kwisihluzo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyisusa rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba ufake amanzi amatsha kwi-aquarium, nokuba usebenzisa izithambisi zamanzi ezithile okanye iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokucoca.

Kwi-aquarium ekwimeko entle, Amanqanaba e-chlorine kufuneka abe kwi-0Njengesikhokelo esisebenzayo, gcina amanqanaba e-chlorine ejikeleze 0,001 ukuya 0,003ppm Inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umgangatho wamanzi awuchaphazeleki.

Ubumuncu (pH)

i-pH yenye yezona xabiso zaziwayo kuba Ilinganisa ubumuncu okanye i-alkalinity yamanziIsikali siqala malunga ne-0 ukuya kwi-14, apho u-7 elixabiso lingathathi cala. Ngaphantsi kwe-7 sithetha ngamanzi ane-asidi kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-7 ngamanzi ane-alkaline.

Sitshilo ngaphambili ukuba iintlanzi azikwazi ukumelana notshintsho olukhawulezileyo, kwaye i-pH ngumzekelo ocacileyo. Naluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwi-pH lunokubangela uxinzelelo olukhuluyenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kwaye ukuba ukutsiba kukhulu kakhulu, kubangela ukufa. Yiyo loo nto ukunyuka okanye ukwehla ngequbuliso kufuneka kuphetshwe. Soloko ulungelelanisa intlanzi neemeko ze-aquarium..

Xa uthenga intlanzi entsha, kuyacetyiswa kakhulu linganisa i-pH yamanzi ebhegini okanye evenkileni uze uyithelekise neleyo ikwi-aquarium yakho. Ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu, kungcono ukuyiqhela kancinci ngokuyithontsiza amanzi ukuze isilwanyana sikwazi ukuziqhelanisa kancinci kancinci.

I-asidi yamanzi Ayisiyo ipharamitha esisigxina.Iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yesenzo seebhaktheriya, inkunkuma yeentlanzi, ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ubukho beengcambu, iinkuni ezikhukulisiweyo okanye amatye, i-CO2 kwii-aquariums ezityaliweyo, njl. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa Linganisa i-pH ubuncinane kanye ngenyangakwaye rhoqo ukuba ubona isimilo esingaqhelekanga kwintlanzi yakho okanye ukuba wenza utshintsho olukhulu kwi-aquarium.

El Inqanaba le-pH elicetyiswayo kwi-aquarium yoluntu yamanzi acocekileyo lidla ngokuba phakathi kwe-6,5 kunye ne-8.Nangona ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zifuna amanzi ane-asidi eninzi (njengee-tetra okanye ii-discus) okanye amanzi ane-alkaline eninzi (njengee-cichlids ezithile zaseAfrika), into ebalulekileyo kukubonelela ngoluhlu oluzinzileyo nolufanelekileyo lweentlobo ozigcinayo.

Ubulukhuni ngokubanzi (GH)

Ukuqina kwamanzi, okwaziwa ngokuba yiGH (ukusuka kwisiNgesi) ubulukhuni ngokubanzi), yenye iparameter ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uvavanyo oluhle lukuncede uyilinganise. Ukuqina kubhekiselele kuxinzelelo lweeminerali ezinyibilikisiweyongakumbi i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium.

Le parameter inefuthe imetabolism yeentlanzi, i-osmoregulation, kunye nokukhula kwezityaloI-GH ephantsi kakhulu inokubangela ukunqongophala kwezimbiwa, iingxaki zokukhula kwamathambo, kunye nobunzima bokuzala kwezinye iintlobo. I-GH ephezulu kakhulu inokubangela uxinzelelo, yenze iidiphozithi ze-limescale kwizixhobo, kwaye inciphise ukufumaneka kwezinye izondlo kwizityalo.

Into enzima ngoBig Brother kukuba Akukho xabiso linye elifanelekileyo kuzo zonke ii-aquariumsKuxhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo de peces ukuba ugcina:

• Iintlanzi ezininzi amanzi athambileyo (umzekelo, ezinye ii-characins okanye ii-cyprinids) zikhetha i-GH ephantsi.
• Iintlobo ze amanzi aqinileyo (ezinye ii-cichlids zaseAfrika, ii-viviparous ezifana nee-guppies kunye nee-mollies) zikhula ngcono xa zine-GH ephezulu.

Njengesikhokelo, kwi-aquarium yoluntu yamanzi acocekileyo, i-GH ephakathi kwe-70 kunye ne-140 ppm Ihlala isebenza kakuhle kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphande ngeemfuno ezithile zeentlanzi onazo.

Ityhefu ye-nitrite enetyhefu (NO2)

I-Nitrite (NO2) yenye yezona zinto ziyingozi kakhulu kwi-aquariumYinxalenye yomjikelo we-nitrogen: iibhaktheriya ziguqula i-ammonia ibe yi-nitrite, kwaye ezinye iibhaktheriya ziguqula i-nitrite ibe yi-nitrate. Ngexesha lokujikeleza kwe-aquarium entsha, amanqanaba e-nitrite adla ngokunyuka kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba azinze.

Ingxaki kukuba i-nitrite Iyingozi kakhulu kwiintlanziIphazamisa ukuthuthwa kweoksijini egazini, nto leyo ebangela uhlobo "lokuphefumla ngaphakathi." Iintlanzi zinokubonisa ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, umbala omnyama, ukudinwa, okanye zife ngaphandle kweempawu ezibonakalayo ngaphambili.

Amanqanaba e-nitrite anokunyuka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

• Isihluzi sebhayoloji esingekavuthwa okanye esonakeleyoUmzekelo, emva kokucoca isihluzo ngamanzi empompini aneklorini.
• Ukugqithisa de peces ngokumalunga nomthamo wamanzi kunye nomthamo wokucoca.
• ukutshaja kakhulunto leyo evelisa inkunkuma eninzi kakhulu kwaye ibolise izinto eziphilayo.
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumthwalo webhayoloji (iintlanzi ezininzi zongezwa ngaxeshanye, ukufa kwezilwanyana ezininzi, njl.njl.).

Ukunciphisa i-nitrite kunzima: Oku kunokufezekiswa kuphela ngokutshintsha amanzi okungaphelelanga nokuqinisekisa ukuhluzwa kakuhle kwezinto eziphilayo.Ke ngoko, kuqhelekile ukufumana amaxabiso aphezulu kwii-aquariums ezisandula ukusekwa, kodwa emva kokuhamba ngebhayisikile ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka zehle kwaye zihlale zingabikho.

Kwi-aquarium ezinzileyo, Amanqanaba eNitrite kufuneka ahlale eyi-0 ppmNokuba ugxininiso luphantsi njenge 0,25–0,75 ppm Banokuzixinzelela iintlanzi ukuba azinyangwa. Ukuba nekhithi yovavanyo ye-NO2 ethembekileyo yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokwazi ukuba inkqubo yokuqhuba ibhayisekile igqityiwe na kwaye isihluzo sisebenza kakuhle na.

Unobangela we-algae (NO3)

NO3, okanye nitrateLinyathelo elilandelayo kumjikelo we-nitrogen. Igama layo lifana kakhulu ne-nitrite, kwaye oko akuyonto iyenzekileyo ngengozi: I-nitrate yimiphumo ye-oxidation ye-nitrite ngokukhupha iibhaktheriya.

Ngethamsanqa, i-nitrate ayinabungozi kangako kune-nitriteKodwa oko akuthethi ukuba singakulibala. Xa kuphezulu, ii-nitrate zikhuthaza... imbonakalo yolwelweZinciphisa umgangatho wamanzi kwaye, ekuhambeni kwexesha, zinokuchaphazela nempilo yeentlanzi.

Ii-nitrates zivela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Como imveliso yokugqibela yomjikelo we-nitrogen (iziqwenga zokutya, ilindle) de peces(ukubola kwezityalo ezifileyo).
• Ngu ukubola kolwelwe kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ufile.
• Kwezinye iimeko, zinokufika zincinci kakhulu xa zifumaneka emanzini empompini.

Amanqanaba e-nitrate afanelekileyo kwi-aquarium yamanzi acocekileyo yoluntu ngala ngaphantsi kwama-20 mg/LKwiindawo ezityalwe kakhulu ii-aquarium, izityalo zisebenzisa ezinye zezi nitrate njengesondlo, ngoko ke uluhlu olufanelekileyo lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokuseta, kodwa ngokubanzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphephe amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu rhoqo.

Eyona ndlela iphambili yokulawula i-nitrate kukuba utshintsho lwamanzi rhoqoUkulawula ubungakanani bokutya kunye nokugcina isihluzo kunye ne-substrate ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile. Uvavanyo oluhle lwe-NO3 luya kukuxelela ukuba inkqubo yakho yokutshintsha amanzi yanele na okanye ukuba kufuneka uyilungise.

uzinzo lwe-pH (KH)

I-KH ilinganisa ubulukhuni bekhabhohayidretiOko kukuthi, ubungakanani beekhabhonate kunye neebhakhabhonate ezikhoyo emanzini. Ezi khompawundi zisebenza njenge izifunxi ezothusayoukunceda ekuguquleni ii-asidi ukuze i-pH ingatshintshi ngesiquphe.

Ngokwendlela esebenzayo, i-KH efanelekileyo ithetha ukuba i-pH ye-aquarium yakho iza kuhlala izinzile ngakumbi ngokuchasene notshintsho oluncinci kumthwalo wezinto eziphilayo, i-CO2, okanye ezinye izinto. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiparameter, i-KH ephezulu ngokulinganiselayo ikhethwa kwiindawo ezininzi ze-aquarium zamanzi acocekileyo, kuba kunciphisa umngcipheko "wokuqhekeka" kwe-asidi (ukwehla ngequbuliso kwe-pH).

Kwiindawo zokuhlala zamanzi acocekileyo zoluntu, umlinganiselo we-KH ocetyiswayo uhlala uphakathi 70 kunye ne-140 ppmKwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezinazo iintlobo ngeentlobo ezifuna amanzi athambileyo kakhulu kwaye ane-asidi, kusetyenziswa amanqanaba e-KH aphantsi kancinci, kodwa kuqinisekiswa ukuba uzinzo lwe-pH aluphazamiseki.

Ukwazi i-KH kubalulekile kuba Inxulumene ngqo ne-CO2 kunye ne-pHUninzi lwee-aquarists zisebenzisa iitafile okanye ii-calculators, ezisekelwe kwi-KH kunye ne-pH, eziqikelela uxinano lwe-CO2 enyibilikisiweyo, oluluncedo kakhulu kwii-aquariums ezityaliweyo apho le gesi ifakwa khona.

Ikharbhon diokside (CO2)

Enye into ebalulekileyo yokusinda kwe-aquarium etyaliweyo yi CO2Izityalo zasemanzini ziyayidinga ukuze zenze i-photosynthesis kwaye zikhule ngamandla. Nangona kunjalo, Xa kuphezulu kakhulu kunokuba yityhefu kwiintlanzikuba ikhuphisana neoksijini kwaye inokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Uxinzelelo lwe-CO2 olucetyiswayo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwezityalo, ubunzulu bokukhanya, i-pH, i-KH, umthwalo de peces, intshukumo yomphezulu, njl. Njengesalathiso ngokubanzi, Kwiindawo ezininzi ezityaliweyo ze-aquarium, kusetyenziswa i-15 ukuya kwi-30 mg/L. ye-CO2, kodwa rhoqo ejonga indlela eziziphatha ngayo iintlanzi.

Ezinye izixhobo zorhwebo ziquka Iitafile ze-CO2 ngokusekelwe kwi-pH kunye ne-KH, ngelixa ezinye zibonelela uvavanyo oluthile lwe-CO2 okanye iinkqubo zokulinganisa eziqhubekayo (ezifana nezisasazi ezinesalathisi sombala). Ukugcina le parameter ilawulwa kubaluleke kakhulu xa ufaka i-CO2 kwiisilinda ezixinzelelweyo okanye iinkqubo ezenziwe ekhaya, ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqithisela.

Kukangaphi kufuneka uvavanye i-aquarium?

I-frequency efanelekileyo yokwenza uvavanyo lwe-aquarium Kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumava akho, uhlobo lokuseta, kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.Nangona kunjalo, kukho izikhokelo eziluncedo kakhulu ezinokuthi zimiselwe:

• Ii-aquariums ezintsha kwibhayisekileKucetyiswa ukuba kuvavanywe rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu iiparameters ezifana ne-ammonia, i-nitrite kunye ne-nitrate, ukujonga ukuguquka komjikelo we-nitrogen kunye nokwazi xa i-aquarium ikulungele ukwamkela iintlanzi.
• Abaqalayo okanye ii-aquariums ezigcwele kakhuluKucetyiswa ukuba kuhlalutywe amanzi kanye ngevekiokanye nangakumbi ukuba ubona iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga kwintlanzi, ukukhula okungalindelekanga kwe-algae, okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha.
• Ii-aquarium ezikhulileyo nezizinzileyo, kunye nabanakekeli abanamavauvavanyo lunokwahlulwahlulwa rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini okanye kube kanye ngenyangaukuba akukho tshintsho lwenzeke ngequbuliso (intlanzi entsha, uhlengahlengiso olukhulu, utshintsho ekuhluzweni, unyango, njl.njl.).

Ngaphandle kwendlela eqhelekileyo, kukho amaxesha apho kuyacetyiswa khona uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo:

• Emva kwe ukufa okungachazwanga de peces.
• Ngaphambi nasemva nyanga i-aquarium.
• Emva kwe ukucoca isihluzo esinzulu okanye utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwizinto zokucoca.
• Xa kwenzeka ukuqhakaza okukhulu kwe-algae okanye utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwinkangeleko yamanzi (amafu, amhlophe, atyheli).
• Emva koko yongeza iintlanzi ezininzi ezintsha ngequbuliso okanye ngokufudusa inxalenye yabantu.

Ukudibanisa iimvavanyo kwinkqubo yakho yokulungisa (umzekelo, ukusebenzisa ithuba lokutshintsha amanzi ngosuku) kuya kukuvumela ukuba ukubona ukungalingani ngaphambi kokuba kube yingxaki enkulu kwaye ulungise indlela yakho yokondla, utshintsho oluphindaphindwayo, okanye amandla okucoca.

Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uvavanyo lwe-aquarium oluthembekileyo lube nazo nge-100%?

Xa sithetha ngovavanyo lwe-aquarium "oluthembekileyo nge-100%", sithetha ngokwenene izixhobo ezinegama elihle, ukuchaneka okwaneleyo, kunye neziphumo ezihambelanayo ukuba zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo. Akukho vavanyo lwasekhaya olugqibeleleyo, kodwa kukho iimpawu ezicacileyo ezahlula imveliso elungileyo kwephakathi.

Xa ukhetha ikiti, qwalasela oku kulandelayo:

• Ukusebenziseka ngokululaImiyalelo mayicace, ibhalwe ngolwimi oluqondakalayo, ibe namanyathelo anemifanekiso emihle. Uvavanyo oluhle kufuneka lube lula ukulusebenzisa, kwanakwabaqalayo.
• Iindidi ngeendidi zeeparameterOkukhona imilinganiselo yayo ibanzi ngakumbi (i-pH, i-GH, i-KH, i-nitrite, i-nitrate, i-ammonia, i-chlorine, njl.njl.), kokukhona uya kuba nolawulo olungcono kwi-aquarium yakho. Kwii-aquarium ezifuna kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wongeze izixhobo ezithile ze-phosphates, i-iron, i-calcium, njl.njl.
• Ukuchaneka kunye noluhlu lokulinganisaKubalulekile ukuba uvavanyo lube nesikali esine izithuba ezineenkcukacha ezaneleyo ukubona utshintsho olufanelekileyo, kwaye uluhlu lugubungela amaxabiso alindelekileyo kwii-aquarium zasekhaya.
• Isantya seziphumoIimvavanyo ezininzi zinika ukufundwa kwimizuzu embalwa nje, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzidibanisa kwinkqubo yakho ngaphandle kokuba zibe ngumthwalo.
• Ukuqina kunye nokugcinwaIi-reagents kufuneka zibe umhla wokuphelelwa lixesha ofanelekileyo kunye nesikhongozeli esibakhusela ekukhanyeni nasekufumeni. Ikhithi egcinwe kakuhle igcina ukuthembeka kwayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Isidima sophawuAbavelisi abanembali ende kurhwebo lwe-aquarium badla ngokutyala imali eninzi kulawulo lomgangatho kwaye banikezela ngeemveliso ezihambelanayo.
• Ubukho beendawo ezisecaleni: ukuba ii-reagents ezitshintshayo zingathengwa ukuze kunganyanzelekanga ukuba yonke ikhithi ithengwe kwakhona ngalo lonke ixesha.

Uninzi lwabantu abanamava kwizilwanyana zasemanzini nabo bacebisa ukuba, thelekisa rhoqo iziphumo zeemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, imicu yovavanyo vs. amaconsi) okanye cela amanzi avavanyelwe kwivenkile ethembekileyo ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba izixhobo zakho zasekhaya zinika uhlalutyo olufanelekileyo na. Olu "vavanyo oluphindwe kabini" luluncedo ngakumbi xa ubona iimpawu kwintlanzi yakho kodwa amanani abonakala egqibelele.

Ukuthelekisa nokusetyenziswa kweefomathi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo

Ngokusekelwe kumava abiwe ngabathandi, iivenkile, kunye neeforam ezikhethekileyo, umntu unokwenza Isishwankathelo esisebenzayo sokuba kufuneka lusetyenziswe nini uhlobo ngalunye lovavanyo kwaye loluphi udibaniso oluhlala lunika iziphumo ezilungileyo.

• Imicu yovavanyo enamacandelo amaninzi (6 kwi-1, 7 kwi-1…): ifanelekile njenge ukuvavanya ngokukhawulezaZikuvumela ukuba ubone ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho into engaphaya kwamandla akho. Zilungele abo bafuna ukujonga rhoqo ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha elininzi ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Iikiti zokulahla "zeMaster" okanye iikheyisi ezipheleleyoIcetyiswa kwabo bafuna ulawulo oluneenkcukacha noluthembekileyo zezona parameter ziphambili. Zibonelela ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu, zivumela ukulinganiswa okuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye zihlala ziyindlela engcono yotyalo-mali lwexesha elide kwii-aquarium eziphakathi nezinkulu.
• Uvavanyo ngalunye lwamathontsi: iluncedo kakhulu ekongezeni iiparameter ezingafakwanga kwikhithi ephambili, ezinje ngeephosphates, i-iron, i-calcium okanye i-magnesium, ingakumbi kwiindawo zaselwandle, ezimanzini okanye kwiindawo zokudada ezityaliweyo ezinemfuno ephezulu.
• Iimitha zedijithaliZisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi i-pH, ukuhanjiswa komoya/i-TDS, ubushushu kunye nosawotiZiyi-complement egqwesileyo xa la maxabiso kufuneka ahlengahlengiswe kakuhle, njengakwii-aquarium zaselwandle okanye kwiintlobo ezibuthathaka.

Indibaniselwano eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabachwephesha abaphambili bolwandle yile:

• Un ibhegi yamaconsi kwiiparameter eziphambili.
• Abanye imicu ekhawulezayo ukuxilongwa rhoqo okanye ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwimizuzwana embalwa.
• Inye okanye ngaphezulu iimitha zedijithali kwi-pH, TDS okanye ityuwa, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-aquarium.

Ngale ndlela, ibhalansi phakathi kwesantya, iindleko kunye nokuchaneka, ilungelelaniswe nenyaniso yokuseta ngakunye.

Iimpawu zoVavanyo lwee-Aquarium ezigqibeleleyo

Nangona kunjalo zininzi iimvavanyo ze-aquarium kwintengisoKubalulekile ukukhetha elungileyo nethembekileyo, kungenjalo ayizukunceda kakhulu. Iimpawu ezininzi zibalaseleyo phakathi kwezona zidumileyo kwizinto ezithandwayo ze-aquarium yasekhaya, nangona apha siza kugxila kwiimpawu ezimbini ezaziwayo zamanzi acocekileyo:

IsiTetra

I-Tetra yenye yeempawu zembali kwihlabathi lee-aquariumsYasekwa eJamani, ibisoloko ithengisa iimveliso ngokukodwa kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi acocekileyo kunye namachibi kangangeminyaka emininzi. imicu yovavanyo kunye neekiti zovavanyo Ziyaziwa ngokulula kwazo kokusetyenziswa kwazo nokubonelela ngembono ekhawulezayo nethembekileyo yemeko yamanzi.

Ukongeza, iTetra inayo iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso ezincedisayoUkutya, izinto zokuthambisa, izihluzi, imihombiso, unyango, njl. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufumana izisombululo ezidibeneyo nezihambelanayo ngaphakathi kophawu olufanayo, into exatyiswa ziingcali ezininzi.

JBL

Olunye uphawu lwaseJamani oludumileyo noluthembekileyo lulo JBL, eyaqala njengevenkile encinci yokuthenga izinto ezizodwa kwaye iye yaba yindlela yokulinganisa yamazwe ngamazwe. Uvavanyo lwe-aquarium luxatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuchaneka kwalo kunye nokugubungela uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lweeparameter, kokubini emanzini acocekileyo nakwii-aquarium zaselwandle.

Nangona benemodeli enemitya, ubuchule babo bokwenyani bukwi uvavanyo lokuyekaI-JBL inikezela ngeekhithi ezininzi ezipheleleyo (eziquka ezona parameter zibalulekileyo) kunye iibhotile zokutshintsha ukuze kutshintshwe kuphela ii-reagents eziphelayo. Ikwabonelela ngeekiti ezithile ze-high-resolution ze-phosphate, i-calcium, i-magnesium, okanye i-alkalinity, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-aquariums ze-reef.

Apho ungathenga khona iimvavanyo ze-aquarium ezingabizi kwaye zithembekileyo

Njengoko unokucinga, Uvavanyo lwe-aquarium luyafumaneka ngakumbi kwiivenkile ezizodwa kwizilwanyana zasekhaya okanye kwii-aquarium, kuba aziyomveliso eqhelekileyo enokufumaneka nakweyiphi na ivenkile enkulu.

• Iivenkile ezikwi-intanethi eziqhelekileyo ezifana neAmazonMhlawumbi kulapho uza kufumana khona uluhlu olubanzi lwee-test strips, ii-drops, kunye nee-digital tests. Kukho izixhobo ezivela kwiimpawu ezininzi, kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Inzuzo enkulu yile ukhetho olubanzi kunye nophononongo oluvela kwabanye abasebenzisinto leyo enokukunceda uvavanye ukuchaneka kunye nokulula kokusebenzisa. Ingongoma ephambili ekufuneka uyiqaphele kukuba iintlobo ngeentlobo zinokuba nzima kumntu oqalayo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukucoca nokufunda uphononongo ngononophelo.
• Iivenkile ezikhethekileyo ze-aquarium (eziphathekayo okanye ezikwi-intanethi): njengePzes, Kiwoko, TiendaAnimal kunye nezinye iivenkile ezigxile kwiintlanzi nakwii-aquariums. Usenokungafumani ntlobo-ntlobo apha njengakwiAmazon, kodwa Iimpawu abazithengisayo zihlala zisemgangathweni ovunyiweyo.Ngaphezu koko, zihlala zinazo zombini iipakethi ezipheleleyo kunye nee-reagents ezitshintshayokwaye ungathembela iingcebiso zakho ukukhetha ikhithi efanelana kakuhle nohlobo lwakho lwe-aquarium.
• Amaziko ezilwanyana kunye neekliniki ezinecandelo lezilwanyana ezingaqhelekangaAbanye banikezela ngeemvavanyo okanye inkonzo yohlalutyo lwamanzi kwindawonto leyo enokuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba urhanela ingxaki enkulu kwaye ufuna ukuhlolwa ngugqirha.

Isicwangciso esisebenzayo kakhulu Thenga ikhithi yovavanyo elungileyo kwivenkile ekhethekileyongoncedo lweengcebiso zabo, uze emva koko uthenge iindawo ezithile ezingasetyenziswanga okanye izixhobo ezongezelelweyo evenkileni enika amaxabiso angcono nangaliphi na ixesha, isoloko igcina umgangatho kwaye iphephe iimpawu zemvelaphi engathandabuzekiyo.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa usebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-aquarium kunye nendlela yokuziphepha

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho ziluncedo ngokwenene, kubalulekile ukuphepha izinto ezithile. iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezinokugqwetha indlela ezifundwa ngayo okanye zikukhokelele ekutolikweni okungachanekanga.

• Ukungahloniphi amaxesha okuphendulaUvavanyo ngalunye lubonisa ixesha elithile lokulinda ngaphambi kokufunda iziphumo. Ukufunda kwangethuba kakhulu okanye emva kwexesha kunokunika amaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Sebenzisa iwotshi okanye isibali-xesha.
• Ncolisa iisampuluUkusebenzisa iityhubhu ezingcolileyo, iityhubhu ezimanzi ngeemveliso zokucoca, iziqwenga zokutya, okanye amanzi avela kuvavanyo lwangaphambili kunokutshintsha umbala. Hlamba ngamanzi e-aquarium kwaye ungaxubi ii-reagents.
• Ukugcina imicu okanye ii-reagents ngendlela engafanelekangaUmswakama, ukukhanya, nobushushu kuyawohloka amachiza. Gcina izikhongozeli zivalwe kakuhle kwindawo eyomileyo, kude nelanga elithe ngqo.
• Musa ukuzishukumisa iibhotile xa umenzi eziyalela.Ezinye ii-reagents kufuneka zixutywe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe. Ukuba awenzi njalo, amathontsi ambalwa okuqala asenokungabi naxinzelelo lufanelekileyo.
• Ukutolika imibala xa ukukhanya kungabonakali kakuhleSoloko uthelekisa iisampulu ngemvelaphi emhlophe kwaye ekukhanyeni okuhle, kungcono ukuba zibe zendalo okanye ezimhlophe, ukuze imibala ibonakale ngokuchanekileyo.
• Ukungawunaki umhla wokuphelelwaIi-reagents eziphelelwe lixesha zilahlekelwa kukuthembeka. Ukuba iziphumo zakho azihambelani noko ukubonayo kwi-aquarium, jonga umhla wokwenziwa kwayo kwaye ucinge ngokutshintsha ikhithi.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa Rekhoda iziphumo kwincwadi yamanqaku okanye kwi-appNgale ndlela ungabona ukuguquka kwe-aquarium yakho, ubone iindlela (umzekelo, ii-nitrate eziphakama kakhulu phakathi kotshintsho lwamanzi) kwaye ulungise iinkqubo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iingxaki ezinkulu.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kovavanyo lwamanzi, ukuhluzwa, kunye nempilo yeentlanzi

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwamanzi zinxulumene kakhulu umgangatho wokucoca kunye nokugcinwa ngokubanzi kwe-aquariumXa iiparameters zingalawuleki (umzekelo, i-nitrite ephezulu kakhulu okanye i-nitrate spikes), phantse kukho unobangela ekudibaneni kwe-filtration, inani de pecesutshintsho lokondla kunye namanzi.

Isihluzo esifanelekileyo nesigcinwe kakuhle sinceda ukugcina ii-nitrites kunye ne-ammonia kumanqanaba angabonakaliyokuba igcina iintsholongwane ezibangela ukucutshungulwa kwezi zinto zinobungozi. Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa iingxaki eziphindaphindayo, oko kungaba luphawu lwe:

• isihluzi esingaphantsi ubungakanani bokwenyani be-aquarium kunye nobungakanani de peces.
• Ukucoca okugqithisileyo okanye okunganelanga (njengokuhlamba izinto zokucoca ngamanzi empompini aneklorini).
• Izixhobo zokucoca azanelanga okanye azisasazwanga kakuhle kwisihluzo.
• Umthwalo ogqithisileyo webhayoloji ngenxa yeentlanzi ezininzi kakhulu okanye ukondla kakhulu.

Ukudibanisa ikhithi yokuvavanya elungileyo kunye nokuhluza okusebenzayo (umzekelo, izihluzi ezixhonyiweyo, zangaphandle, okanye zesiponji) kunye nendlela yokulungisa ehambelana ne-aquarium yakho yeyona siqinisekiso silungileyo sokufezekisa indalo ezinzileyo, eneentlanzi ezisempilweni nezityalo ezinamandla.

Ngenxa yovavanyo, ngalo lonke ixesha utshintsha inkqubo yakho yokucoca (isihluzo esitsha, ukutshintshwa kwezinto, isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esinyukayo) uya kukwazi jonga ngokusondeleyo indlela echaphazela ngayo iiparameter kwaye uthathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona naluphi na utyekelo olungalunganga.

Ngayo yonke into esiyibonileyo, kucacile ukuba Isixhobo esihle sokuvavanya i-aquarium sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuye nawuphi na umntu othanda i-aquarium ezinzileyo kunye neentlanzi ezisempilweni.Ukuzisebenzisa rhoqo, ukutolika iziphumo zazo ngocoselelo, nokuzinxulumanisa nenkqubo yakho yokulungisa kuya kukuvumela ukuba ulindele iingxaki kwaye ukonwabele i-aquarium elinganiselayo iminyaka emininzi. Sixelele, ulinganisa njani umgangatho wamanzi kwi-aquarium yakho? Ngaba ukhetha imicu yovavanyo, amaconsi, okanye uvavanyo lwedijithali? Ngaba kukho uphawu olufumene luthembekile ngakumbi?