Oko bekuvakala ngathi yintsomi yesayensi kude kube kutshanje kuyaqala ukubonakala kwiilebhu zaseGranada: i-cornea yokwenziwa eyenziwe ngamaxolo de peces eqhelekileyoKunokuba yinto enomdla, olu phuhliso lubonwa njengendlela enokwenzeka kumawaka abantu namhlanje abaxhomekeke ekufakelweni kwesisu kunye nokufumaneka kwabaxhasi.
I-cornea, loo ndawo icacileyo engaphambili kweliso, Ayinazo imithambo yegazi kwaye ayikhuli kakuhle xa yonakele kakhulu.Ke ngoko, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukhetho lokwenyani luhlala lusetyenziswa endaweni yalo nge-cornea ephilileyo yomntu oswelekileyo. Kwimeko yoluhlu lokulinda kunye nokunqongophala kwezicubu zokufakelwa, umsebenzi we IYunivesithi yaseGranada (UGR) kunye I-Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA Ivula enye indlela, ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle, enokutshintsha inxalenye yemeko ye-regenerative ophthalmology eSpain, kwaye kamva, eYurophu.
I-bio-tissue eyilwe eGranada ukuhlaziya i-cornea
Le projekthi, eyaphuhliswa kwi- Iqela lobunjineli beTishu leFakhalthi yezonyango ye-UGRInenjongo ecacileyo: ukwenza ii-cornea implants ezifana kakhulu ne-cornea yomntuKodwa ngaphandle kokuthembela ekunikelweni kwamalungu omzimba. Ukuze kufezekiswe oku, iqela likhethe into eqhelekileyo nengalindelwanga: amaxolo eentlanzi. de peces njenge-carp, i-sea bream okanye i-redfish, ezixhaphakileyo kwiimarike nakubathengisi beentlanzi.
Ngokutsho kwabo banoxanduva lophando, izikali zinendibaniselwano engaqhelekanga yeempawu: Ziqinile, kodwa ziguquguquka kwaye zicacilekwaye zenziwe ngeeproteni kunye nezakhiwo ezifana kakhulu nezo zezinye izicwili zomntu. Eli nqanaba lokuqala lizivumele ukuba ziguqulwe zibe izinto eziphilayo ezifanelekileyo kubunjineli bezicubu, ekwaziyo ukusebenza njengomxhasi wokukhula kweeseli ze-cornea.
Iqela le-UGR, elisebenzele oku kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabini. izicubu zokwenziwa ezifana ne-cornea, ulusu, okanye incasaWayesele enamava ngaphambili ngeemodeli ze-cornea ezenziweyo. Kule nkqubela intsha, umngeni ube kukuthatha inyathelo elingaphezulu ngokwemigaqo i-biomimicry, ukuhambelana kunye nokuziphatha koomatshinikusetyenziswa ubutyebi bendalo obuninzi nobungabizi kakhulu.
Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwiiplate zenkcubeko nakwiimodeli zezilwanyana zikhomba kwicala elifanayo: Izifakelo zibonakala ngokucacileyo, zimelana kakuhle noxinzelelo lweliso, kwaye azibonisi zimpawu zetyhefu.Kwizilwanyana ezivavanywayo, le nto idibene nomphezulu weliso kwaye inegalelo ekulungiseni isakhiwo se-cornea esonakeleyo.
Ukusuka kwimarike ukuya kwigumbi lokucoca: indlela eyenziwa ngayo i-cornea enezikali
Indawo yokuqala ilula njengoko iyabonakala: iintlanzi ezithengwa kwiimarike zasekuhlaleniKungcono ukuba ibe ntsha kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukusuka apho, inkqubo ingena kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha obuphezulu. Kwilabhoratri, abaphandi bakhetha amaqhekeza anobukhulu obufanelekileyo kunye nemilo baze bawasebenzise kwimigaqo ethile yokususa nantoni na enokubangela ukwaliwa.
Izikali ziqulathe indibaniselwano yezinto eziluncedo nezinye ezingabalulekanga. Kwicala eliluncedo kukho isiseko esityebileyo kwi-collagen kunye nezinye iiproteni iyahambelana nezicubu zomntu. Kwicala elingasetyenziswayo, iiseli zeentlanzi zinamathele kumphezulu kwaye umaleko we-calcium carbonate nto leyo enika ubulukhuni obongezelelekileyo kodwa ayiyomfuneko kwi-cornea implant.
Ukuze kwahlulwe kuphela inxalenye efunekayo, izixhobo zisebenza inkqubo yokususa iiminerali kunye nokususa iiseli edibanisa ii-reagents ezahlukeneyo, kuquka uhlobo lwe-asidi enoxanduva lokususa i-calcium kunye nokuthwala iiseli ezivela kwizilwanyana. Emva kweenyanga ezininzi zohlengahlengiso, bafikelele kwiprotokholi ezinzileyo etyhila ulusu lwangaphakathi lwesikali, isikali esicocekileyo esifanelekileyo sokwamkela iiseli zabantu.
Nje ukuba izinto eziphilayo zilungisiwe, ziyahlanjwa kakuhle zize zibekwe kwiimeko zokukhulisa ezilawulwayo. Kule matrix, izazinzulu Zityala iiseli ze-cornea ezivela kwiinkcubeko zeeseli. zigcinwa kwilebhu ngokwayo. Ngoncedo lweendaba zokukhulisa kunye nezinto ezikhuthaza ukwanda, iiseli zenza iileya ezilandelelanayo kwisikali, zivelisa isakhiwo esifana kakhulu ne-cornea yokwenyani.
Iziphumo ngu “Isandwich” eyenziwe ngezinto ezinganyangekiyo nezibonakalayo ezigqunywe ziiseli ze-corneangokuhlelwa kwemicu kunye neengqimba ezikhumbuza izicubu zokuqala zeliso lomntu. Ngokwendlela esebenzayo, injongo kukuba i-implant isebenze njenge-cornea: ivumela ukukhanya ukuba kudlule, ikhusele ingaphakathi le-eyeball, kwaye ingabangela iimpendulo eziqatha zokungamkeli.
Zeziphi iintlanzi ezivavanyiweyo kwaye kutheni i-carp ifumana amanqaku
Ngaphambi kokuba bagxile kuhlobo olunye, abaphandi benze uvavanyo nge iintlanzi ezahlukeneyo ezityiwa rhoqoI-Salmon, i-sardine, i-sea bream, kunye ne-redfish, phakathi kwezinye. Zonke zibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle ngokwendlela ezikhula ngayo iiseli kunye nokuhambelana kwazo, nto leyo elindelekileyo kuba zilungile. iimveliso zemvelaphi yendalo kungekhona iiplastiki ezenziwe ngokwenziwa.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kohlalutyo olusondeleyo lwendlela nganye, kuye kwafunyaniswa umahluko obalulekileyo. Ezinye izikali ziyavela elubala ngakumbiezinye zifana kancinci ukumelana ngakumbi okanye kulula ukuyiphatha ngexesha lenkqubo yotyando, kwaye abanye bahlukile ngokuhambelana kwazo ne-bio. Emva kokuthelekisa iiparameter zomzimba nezebhayoloji, iqela libonisa ukuba isikali se-carp, intlanzi yamanzi acocekileyo, inika ulungelelwaniso olungcono kakhulu.
Oko akuthethi ukuba ezinye iintlobo azivumelekanga: Iintlanzi zaseMeditera ezifana ne-redfish okanye i-white seabream Bakwabonise amandla anomdla, ingakumbi kwimveliso yexesha elizayo edibene nonxweme lwaseGranada. Ngaxeshanye, iqela liye lahlola izinto ezivela kwezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle, ezifana ne-squid, nangona kule meko Iziphumo azizange zidlule ezo zifunyenwe ngezikali. kwaye loo mgca washiywa kwindawo ye-cornea.
Ngaphandle kokukhetha iintlobo zezilwanyana, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukubonelela ngobuninzi, okunokuphinda kuvele, nokuzinzileyoAmaxolo eentlanzi yimveliso yenkunkuma eveliswa ngobuninzi yishishini lokuloba kunye noluhlu lokutya, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwawo kwezonyango kuya kuvumela ukufikelela kwi-corneas yokwenziwa ukuba idityaniswe neminikelo yabantu.
Ingasetyenziswa kweziphi izigulana kwaye zeziphi iingxaki ejonge ukuzisombulula?
Las Izifo ezinzulu ze-cornea ziyaqhubeka nokuba yintloko ebuhlungu Kwabo bagqirha bamehlo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokungafaniyo nolusu, oluhlala luphola, lushiya isilonda, kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa, i-cornea inokuhlala yonakele kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka emva kwesilonda esinzulu okanye ukugqobhoka. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwemithambo yegazi, amandla ayo okuzilungisa anqongophele kakhulu.
Abaphandi bacebisa ukuba, kwixesha elizayo, abaviwa bokuqala ukufumana ezi corneas kwizikali Aba basenokuba ngabantu abonzakele kakhulu: izilonda ezingapheliyo, ukugqobhoka okubuhlungu (umzekelo, okubangelwa ngamasebe akwintsimi) okanye izifo ezihambele phambili eziye zaphazamisa kakhulu umbono kwaye zibangela iintlungu ezingapheliyo.
Okwangoku, la matyala phantse ahlala ejongwa yi ukufakelwa kwe-cornea kumntu oswelekileyoNangona utyando ludla ngokuzisa iziphumo ezilungileyo, luxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekufumanekeni kwezicubu emehlweni. uluhlu lokulinda kunye nokungalingani kokufikelela kuxhomekeke kummandla kunye nobungakanani beminikelo.
Ngolunye uhlobo olusekelwe kwizinto zendalo eziphilayo, injongo iya kuba ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiminikelo yabantu kunye nokwenza kube lula kwizigulane ezininzi zaseYurophu, kuquka nezo zikwinkqubo yezempilo yoluntu yaseSpain, ukuba zifumane unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ayenzelwanga ukuba ithathe indawo yokufakelwa izihlunu ngoko nangoko, kodwa endaweni yoko njengesixhobo esongezelelweyo sokwandisa iindlela zonyango.
Ngaphezu koko, iqela eliseGranada lisebenza ukutyebisa ezi modeli nge izinto ezisebenzayo kwi-bioactivePhakathi kwezinye iindlela, baquka izinto ezikhoyo kwi ioli yeoli ezikhuthaza ukwanda nokwahluka kweeseli, kunye ii-nanoparticles ezinokuba nee-antibiotics okanye izinto zokukhulaIngcamango kukuba i-cornea yokwenziwa ayithathi indawo yesakhiwo esonakeleyo kuphela, kodwa ikwabonelela ngezinto ezikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa ngokukhawuleza.
Impembelelo kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuzibophelela kuqoqosho olujikelezayo
Ngaphandle kwecandelo lezempilo, le projekthi inomlinganiselo omkhulu wezoqoqosho. inxalenye enkulu yenkunkuma evela kushishino lokulobaEzi zinto zingamela ipesenti ephezulu kakhulu yenkunkuma eveliswayo. Zihlala ziphelela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinexabiso eliphantsi, nto leyo enegalelo ekungcoliseni umhlaba namanzi.
Ngokuguqula le nto ibe yi- isixhobo seklinikhi esixabisekileyoIqela le-UGR lifaka umsebenzi walo kwisakhelo soqoqosho olujikelezayo. Uprofesa U-Ingrid Garzón, owakhokela ingcamango yokufunda izikali, ugxininisa ukuba yi imveliso efikelelekayo, enexabiso eliphantsi eneempawu ezibonakalayo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ngenjongo enqwenelekayo: ukucaca, ukuqina okwaneleyo kunye nokuguquguquka okuthile okunceda ukuqhutywa kotyando.
Kwiphondo elifana neGranada, apho ukuloba kunye nokufuywa kwezilwanyana zasemanzini kunempembelelo enkulu kodwa kuxhomekeke imiqathango kunye notshintsho lwemithethoUkusetyenziswa kwale nkunkuma kwezonyango kunokuba ngumthombo wengeniso owongezelelweyo. Akuphelelanga nje kuphando lwelabhoratri, kodwa kukuvula ucango... intsebenziswano enokubakho phakathi kwecandelo lezempilo kunye necandelo lokuloba ukuba imodeli imiselwa kwinqanaba leklinikhi.
Le projekthi ikwaqinisa indima kaGranada njengo isikhungo sophando kwizonyango zokuvuselelaZombini i-UGR kunye ne-ibs.GRANADA sele ziqokelele amanyathelo aliqela angaphambili, njengophuhliso lwesikhumba esenziweyo esifakwe kwizigulana ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabini okanye imodeli yentamo eyenziweyo evavanyiweyo ebantwaneni, nto leyo enika amava athile xa kufikwa ekuthatheni izicubu zomzimba ukusuka ebhentshini ukuya ebhedini yesibhedlele.
Inkxaso-mali, izigaba zokuqinisekisa, kunye namaxesha afanelekileyo
Uphando malunga ne-cornea yokwenziwa eyenziwe ngezikali luxhaswa yi imali evela kwiCarlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), enxulumene neSebe lezeSayensi, uBuchule kunye neeYunivesithi zaseSpain, ngokusebenzisa iiprojekthi ezifana ne PI23/00335 kunye nezinye iinzame ezixhaswe ngemali yi-European Union ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-NextGenerationEU. Le mali karhulumente iqinisa indlela olu hlobo lomsebenzi olusebenza ngayo kwinkqubo yezempilo.
Ngokuphathelele uphuhliso, kusekho indlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe. Ngaphambi kokuba ezi cornea zifike kumagumbi otyando, kufuneka zoyise imiqobo eliqela. uthotho oluqinileyo lwezigabaUvavanyo oluneenkcukacha kwi-vitro, izifundo kwiimodeli zezilwanyana, uvavanyo lwegumbi lokucoca, kwaye ekugqibeleni, izilingo zeklinikhi ezilawulwayo ebantwiniInyathelo ngalinye lifuna ukubonakalisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphindaphinda ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yaseYurophu yonyango oluphambili.
Amava angaphambili eqela asebenza njengesalathiso: i-cornea yokuqala yokwenziwa eyenziweyo kwi-UGR yaqala iminyaka elishumi yokufikelela kuqeqesho lweklinikhiNangona ulusu nomlomo wokwenziwa kwathatha iminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwesixhenxe. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, abaphandi baqinisekile ukuba banokulifinyeza ixesha, kodwa balumkisa ukuba, nokuba banethemba, Kusenokuthatha iminyaka eliqela ngaphambi kokuba sizibone ezi zifakelo kwizigulane..
Kwangaxeshanye, iqela lisebenza kwiinkalo zomthetho, ezifuna kakhulu eYurophu. Yonke inkqubela eyenziwayo kuyilo lwelaphu—umzekelo, ukongeza izinto ezintsha zokukhula okanye ukutshintsha inkqubo yokuvelisa— Ifuna uphononongo lwemvume ngokungathi yimveliso eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.Oku kongeza ixesha kunye nobunzima, kodwa kuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wolawulo xa kufika ixesha lokusetyenziswa kweklinikhi.
Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela exeliweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ibeka le modeli ku izikali ze-cornea de peces njengenye yezona zindululo zibalaseleyo kwi-European regenerative ophthalmology. Ukuba idlula ngempumelelo amanqanaba alandelayo, inokubonelela ngolunye ukhetho apho kukho ukufakelwa kwezityalo ngendlela eqhelekileyo kuphela namhlanje, ngelixa iguqula inkunkuma yaselwandle ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeyeza lexesha elizayo.
