Kwenye yezona ndawo zikude kakhulu kwi-Ecuadorian Amazon, iqela lezifundo ezahlukeneyo liye lakwazi ukubhalisa iintlobo ezili-118 okokuqala de peces kuMlambo iConambo, ekwiphondo lasePastaza. Olu balo lubonisa uluhlu lokuqala olupheleleyo lwezilwanyana zasendle ezihlala kule ndawo kwaye lukhanyisa ubutyebi bendalo obungachukunyiswanga phantse.
Ngaphaya kwenani, umsebenzi wesayensi ubonisa ukuba Ukwahluka kweConambo kunokuba kukhulu nangakumbiUkudibana kokufikelela okunzima kakhulu, ukungenelela okuncinci kwabantu, kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo kakhulu zokusingqongileyo kukhokelela abaphandi ekubeni bakholelwe ukuba lo mlambo uneentlobo zezilwanyana ezingekachazwa ngokusesikweni, into ebaluleke kakhulu kuluntu lwezenzululwazi lwaseYurophu oluzinikele ekufundeni ngeenkqubo zendalo ezishushu kunye nokugcinwa kwazo.
Umlambo ophantse wacoceka uguqulwe waba yilabhoratri yendalo
UMlambo iConambo, osentliziyweni yePastaza, uzibonakalise njenge- indawo etyebileyo kakhulu yophando de peces amanzi amatshaUbume bayo bodwa, ubunzima bokufikelela kuyo kunye nokuncipha kwempembelelo yabantu kuye kwayivumela ukuba ihlale ikwimeko entle phantse, into enqabileyo ngakumbi kwimilambo emikhulu yeplanethi.
Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Biodiversity (Inabio), enoxanduva lwesi sibhengezo, Iintlobo ezili-118 ezibhaliweyo zahlulwe zaba zii-oda ezisixhenxe kunye neentsapho ezingama-31Ii-oda zeCharaciformes kunye neSiluriformes, eziqhelekileyo ze Iinkqubo zemilambo yaseAmazonkunye neentsapho ezahlukeneyo njengeCharacidae, iLoricariidae kunye neCichlidae, ezibandakanya iintlobo eziphambili zokulinganisela indalo kunye nokubonelela ngokutya kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
Iziphumo zenza oku kusebenze uluhlu lokuqala olupheleleyo lwezilwanyana zeentlanzi zaseConamboEli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqondeni indlela ezisebenza ngayo izinto kwi-Amazon basin iyonke. Kuluntu lwezenzululwazi eYurophu naseSpain, olujonga ngokusondeleyo ukuvela kwezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu ezikwiitropiki, olu hlobo lophando lubonelela ngedatha yokulinganisa ukuthelekisa iinkqubo zendalo kumazwekazi kunye nokuvavanya impembelelo yotshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela.
Nangona kunjalo, ababhali ngokwabo bagxininisa ukuba uluhlu alunakuvalwa: Uluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo lusathathwa njengolungaphelelanga.Iinkcukacha zelizwe, ixesha leemvula kunye nokuziphatha kweentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana, ezingelula ukuzibamba okanye ukuzichonga rhoqo, zibonisa ukuba inani lokwenyani de peces Inani labantu ababekho eConambo linokugqitha kakhulu inani elirekhodiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Le meko yenza umlambo ube ngowokwenene ilebhu yendalo yokufunda ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseAmazonUkubaluleka kwayo kwezenzululwazi kuyafana nezinye iindawo ezidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Enyanisweni, iiprojekthi ezininzi zophando zaseYurophu malunga nolondolozo, uqhagamshelo lomlambo, kunye nokumelana neenkqubo zendalo kwimingcipheko ebangelwa ngabantu zixhomekeke kwidatha evela kwimimandla efana nale.
Ngubani obangela olu phando kwaye kutheni lubalulekile ngaphandle kwe-Ecuador?
Olu phando luqhutywe liqumrhu apho aba balandelayo bathatha inxaxheba: iNational Institute of Biodiversity (Inabio), iYunivesithi yaseMelika yase-Ecuador, kunye nemibutho yolondolozo lwendalo yamazwe ngamazwe, njengeWildlife Conservation Society kunye neWorld Wildlife Fund, kunye nemibutho yabantu bomthonyama efana neConfederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon (Confeniae).
Olu hlobo lomanyano luphawuleka kakhulu kumxholo waseYurophu kuba Zibonisa umkhwa okhokelela kwiimodeli zesayensi ezisebenzisanayo nezamazwe ngamazweLa manyathelo abandakanya iiyunivesithi, ii-NGO, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni olubelana ngedatha kunye noxanduva. Ngexesha apho i-European Union iqinisa imigaqo-nkqubo efana ne-Biodiversity Strategy ka-2030, ulwazi oluveliswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-Amazon lubalulekile ekuyileni amanyathelo olondolozo oluhambelanayo kwihlabathi liphela.
Abaphandi abasebenze emhlabeni babonisa ukuba IConambo likhaya leentlobo zezilwanyana ezazingazange zibikwe ngaphambili e-EcuadorEzinye azinamaxwebhu maninzi kakhulu, nto leyo evula ithuba lokufunda ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe nge-taxonomic, uvavanyo lwemeko yolondolozo kunye nokusebenzisana okunokwenzeka namaziko ophando eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu agxile kwi-genetics, i-population ecology okanye i-climate change modeling.
Kwiingcali, oku kufunyanisiweyo kubeka lo mlambo njengomlambo indawo ethandwa kakhulu ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi kummandla weAmazonUkubaluleka kwayo akupheleli kwinqanaba lendawo: ulwazi malunga nokusebenza kwezi nkqubo lunceda ukuqonda ngcono indima yemilambo emikhulu yetropiki kumjikelo wekhabhoni wehlabathi, kulawulo lwemozulu kunye nokubonelela ngezixhobo zokuloba apho izigidi zabantu zixhomekeke khona, ingakumbi kuMzantsi weHlabathi.
EYurophu, apho imilambo emininzi ibonisa amanqanaba aphezulu okungenelela, ityala leConambo lijongwa ngomdla njenge umzekelo wendlela esebenza ngayo imilambo engaphazanyiswanga kangakoLe ngxelo iluncedo ekuhloleni impembelelo yamadama, ungcoliseko kunye nokuqhekeka kwemilambo yaseYurophu, kunye nokwazisa iingxoxo malunga nokulungiswa kwemilambo kunye nokukhuselwa kweendawo zendalo.
Indibaniselwano yesayensi nolwazi lwezizukulwana
Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zeprojekthi yindlela esebenza ngayo: Olu phando ludibanise ngokucacileyo ulwazi lwesayensi nobulumko bookhokho. evela kwizizwe zomthonyama zaseShiwiar naseZápara. Yayingeyonkxaso nje yezothutho, kodwa yayikukuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekuchongeni iintlobo zezilwanyana nasekutolikeni okusingqongileyo.
Abalobi beentlanzi basekuhlaleni banike iinkcukacha malunga iintlobo zenkcubeko kunye nokutya okubalulekileyoUkongeza ekuchazeni iindlela zemveli zokubamba, ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kwe-barbasco, kunye neepateni zonyaka ezininzi de pecesOlu lwazi, oluqokelelwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwaye lusekelwe kumava angqalileyo, luvumele ukuba kubekho iisampulu ezichanekileyo kunye nokuqonda ngcono iindawo zokuhlala apho iintlobo ezithile zixinene khona.
Kubaphandi, le ndlela ibonisa ukuba Ulwazi lwemveli lunokongeza kwaye lutyebise isayensi yezemfundoLe yinto ebangela umdla ngakumbi kwiiyunivesithi zaseYurophu nakumaziko ophando. Amanyathelo esayensi yobuzwe kunye neeprojekthi ezidibanisa idatha yobungakanani nolwazi lwengingqi nazo ziyaphunyezwa kwimilambo yaseSpain, efana ne-Ebro kunye ne-Duero, apho abalobi beentlanzi kunye nabemi basecaleni komlambo basebenzisana ekujongeni iintlobo zendalo kunye nezasemzini.
Kwimeko yeConambo, incoko phakathi kolwazi lwemveli kunye neendlela zesayensi ibe ngundoqo ekufumaneni utshintsho kwiindlela zokuloba kunye nokuba kukho iintlobo ezithile zeentlanzi unyaka wonke. Ezi ngxaki, ezinzima ukuzibamba kwiiphulo zentsimi ezinqunyelwe ixesha, zibalulekile ekuyileni amaqhinga okugcina indalo afanelekileyo ahlonipha iindlela zokuphila zoluntu lwaseAmazon.
La mava akwaphakamisa ingxoxo esisiseko malunga imfuneko yokuqaphela nokukhusela amalungelo oluntu lwemveli kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zophando kunye nolondolozo. EYurophu, apho kuqhubeka iingxoxo malunga nendlela yokudibanisa ngcono ukubandakanyeka kwabemi kulawulo lwamanzi kunye nolwezinto ezahlukeneyo, iimodeli ezifana nezo zoMlambo iConambo zisebenza njengesalathiso sokuya kwiinkqubo ezibandakanya ngakumbi.
Ubuncwane bezinto eziphilayo phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulayo
Oku kufunyanwe eConambo yinxalenye yokwenyani ngokubanzi kweAmazon basin, apho kuye kwabhalwa khona iziphumo ezifanayo. iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-2.400 de peces iintlobo zeentlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo, apho ezingaphezu kwe-1.000 zazo zifumaneka kuphelaMhlawumbi yinkqubo yomlambo eneentlobo ngeentlobo ze-ichthyological ezininzi emhlabeni, kodwa ikwayenye yezona zibuthathaka xa kujongwa uxinzelelo lwabantu.
Phakathi kwezinto ezixhalabisa kakhulu iingcali zezi ukwandiswa kwezolimo kunye nokufuya imfuyo, uphononongo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweoyile, imigodi kunye nokwakhiwa kwamadamaOku kubangelwa kukuloba kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zesitya kunye nongcoliseko oluvela kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso neyedolophu, nto leyo eyonakalisa umgangatho wamanzi kwaye itshintsha iindawo zokuhlala iintlanzi.
Iziko lase-Ecuador lilumkisa ukuba, nangona impilo yaseConambo ibonakala intle, Akukho mlambo waseAmazon ukhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo kwezi nkquboUkuvulwa kweendlela ezintsha zonxibelelwano, ukuqhubela phambili komda wokukhupha amanzi, okanye utshintsho kwiipatheni zemvula ezinxulumene notshintsho lwemozulu kunokutshintsha kakhulu ulwakhiwo loluntu. de peces kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka.
Le meko ihambelana neengxoxo ezivulelekileyo kwiManyano yaseYurophu, apho Ukwakhiwa kwedama, ungcoliseko, kunye nokuqhekeka komlambo ziye zanciphisa kakhulu ubuninzi de peces Iintlobo zezilwanyana ezifudukayo nezinye iintlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo. Imibutho efana ne-European Environment Agency igxininisa ukuba ukulondolozwa kwemilambo ephilileyo ngaphandle kweYurophu, efana ne-Amazon, kukwayinxalenye yoxanduva lwehlabathi lonke lwelizwekazi.
Izazinzulu zigxininisa ukuba Uluhlu ngalunye olutsha oluneenkcukacha lubonelela ngendawo ebalulekileyo yokubhekisaUkuze kufunyanwe utshintsho oluzayo, kufuneka idatha eqinileyo malunga nokuba zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo kunye neemeko ezifumaneka phantsi kwazo; ngaphandle koku, akunakwenzeka ukuvavanya impembelelo yokwenyani yemisebenzi yabantu okanye izinto ezifana nembalela enkulu, esele ichaphazela amachibi aseYurophu.
Iziphumo zolondolozo kunye nophando lwamazwe ngamazwe
Ingxelo yeentlobo ezili-118 kuMlambo iConambo ayisiyonto nje inomdla kwezesayensi: iba isixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwenza izigqibo kulondolozoIdatha eveliswayo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuchonga iintlobo ezinexabiso eliphezulu kwindalo, iintlobo ezisengozini yokutshabalala okanye ezo zisasazeke kancinci, kunye nezo zibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho kuluntu.
Ngokusekelwe kolu hlobo lophando, umntu angayila izicwangciso zolawulo lokuloba ezizinzileyo ngakumbiOku kuquka ukumisela iindawo zokhuseleko eziza kuqala okanye ukuchaza iindawo apho imisebenzi ethile yokukhupha amanzi kufuneka inqunyelwe khona. Konke oku kuhambelana neengcebiso zamazwe ngamazwe, ezikwakhuthazwa yiYurophu, zokukhusela ubuncinci i-30% yeendawo zasemhlabeni nezaselwandle kwiminyaka ezayo.
Iingcali zigxininisa ukuba ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwi-Ecuadorian Amazon luluncedo kakhulu iimodeli zehlabathi zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye notshintsho lwemozuluUninzi lwezi zifundo luqhutywa kumaziko aseYurophu. Ukudibanisa idatha evela kwimilambo engaphazanyiswanga kangako efana neConambo kunceda ekulinganiseni ngcono uqikelelo malunga nendlela iinkqubo zemvelo zasemanzini eziya kusabela ngayo kwiimeko zokufudumala, amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi atshintshileyo, okanye ukungeniswa kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezihlaselayo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukufunyanwa kwale nto kuvula ithuba lokuba imigca emitsha yokusebenza ngokubambisana phakathi kwamaziko ophando e-Ecuador, eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophuIiprojekthi malunga nemfuza yabantu, unxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo zamanzi, okanye ukuqina koluntu de peces Ezi datha zibonelela ngendawo yokuqala eqinileyo. Ukudluliselwa kweendlela zolwazi kunokunceda ekulawuleni izinto ezahlukeneyo: iindlela zokubeka esweni eziphuhliswe eYurophu zinokuhlengahlengiswa kwiAmazon, ngelixa iindlela zokuthatha inxaxheba ezisetyenziswa kwiConambo zinokukhuthaza iinkqubo ezifanayo kwimilambo yaseYurophu.
Ngokwembono yentlalo, olu phononongo luqinisa ingcamango yokuba Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kufuneka lube ngamaqabane abalulekileyo kulondolozo lwendaloLe ndlela, esele ikhuthazwe kwiinzame ezininzi zaseYurophu zokulawula iindawo ezikhuselweyo, ifumana kwimeko kaConambo umzekelo ocacileyo nobonakalayo wendlela intsebenziswano enokuphucula ngayo iziphumo zesayensi kunye nokwamkelwa kwamanyathelo okukhusela.
Ukuvela kolu luhlu lwempahla kwihlabathi liphela okuphawulwa kukulahleka okukhawulezileyo kwezinto eziphilayo kusisikhumbuzo sokuba Kusekho iindawo ezinendawo eyaneleyo yokuqhubaapho uphando lufika ngexesha lokuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela kwaye kungabi nje ukubhala umonakalo osele ungenakulungiseka.
Umfanekiso oshiywe ngaseMlambo iConambo ngowomntu inkqubo yendalo eyahlukahlukeneyo kodwa esengoziniKule projekthi, isayensi, ulwazi lookhokho, kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ziyadibana ukuze zityhile ezinye zezinto ezingaphantsi kwamanzi ayo. Ukuba olu luhlu lokuqala lweentlobo ezili-118 luqala nje kuya kuxhomekeka, ubukhulu becala, kumandla e-Ecuador kunye noluntu lwehlabathi, kuquka neYurophu, okubeka phambili ukukhuselwa kwemilambo efana nale xa kujongwa uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho oluqhubeka lukhula kwi-Amazon.
