
Las IiAeromonas Ziibhaktheriya ezichaphazela kakubi impilo yeentlanzi zamanzi ahlambulukileyo, zijongene nezifo ezinokuthi zibulale xa zingaphathwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ezi bhaktheriya zinokufumaneka kwii-aquariums zasekhaya, iifama zeentlanzi kunye nemizimba yendalo yamanzi. I IiAeromonas Banomathuba, bahlasela xa iimeko zamanzi zingafanelekanga okanye xa iintlanzi ziphantsi koxinzelelo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-aeromones edla ngokuchaphazela iintlanzi: Aeromonas salmonicida y UAeromonas hydrophila.
Aeromonas salmonicida
Olu hlobo lwebhaktheriya luyaziwa ngokukhethekileyo ukuba lubangela ifurunculosis kwintlanzi, isifo esichaphazela ngokukodwa i-salmon, kodwa kunye nezinye iintlobo zamanzi ahlambulukileyo. I Aeromonas salmonicida Yibhaktiriya ye-gram-negative kunye ne-psychrophilic (ikhula kumaqondo aphantsi), eyenza ibe yingozi ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezihlala emanzini okanye kwiifama zeentlanzi apho kukho amanzi abandayo.
Iimpawu kwiintlanzi ezosulelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukopha kwizihlunu.
- Ukudumba eluswini.
- Ukopha kwangaphandle okubonakalayo, kubandakanywa ilindle lentlanzi.
Esi sifo sihamba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuba asibonwa kwaye siphathwa ngexesha, kunokukhokelela ekufeni kweentlanzi kwiintsuku ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 kuphela. Olu sulelo ludla ngokunxulumene nokusilela ekugcinweni kwamanzi, kunye neemeko eziqhubekayo zoxinzelelo kwiintlanzi.
UAeromonas hydrophila
La UAeromonas hydrophila Olunye uhlobo lweebhaktheriya, ukongeza ekuchaphazeleni iintlanzi zasemanzini acwengileyo, zinokosulela izirhubuluzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kwanezilwanyana ezanyisayo, kuquka nabantu. Ngunobangela wezifo ezifana I-hemorrhagic septicemia, eyenza buthathaka kakhulu iintlanzi kwaye inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwindawo ehlala emanzini.
Le bhaktheriya inokubangela iintlobo ezimbini zosulelo:
- Usulelo lwangaphandle: Zizibonakalisa njenge-fin rot, eqala ngokuphuka kancinci de amaphiko atshabalale ngokupheleleyo.
- Usulelo lwangaphakathi: Zichaphazela amalungu afana nezintso, ezibangela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, okunokuthi kwiimeko ezinzima kunokukhokelela kwi-dropsy. Ezinye iimpawu ziquka ukwahlulwa kwamaxolo kunye ne-exophthalmos (amehlo adumbileyo).
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu sulelo luqhele ukwenzeka kwiindawo apho umgangatho wamanzi uphantsi. Ukuxinana de peces, ukungabikho kwe-oxygenation kunye nokuqokelela kwenkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo kudala indawo efanelekileyo yokwandisa UAeromonas hydrophila kunye nezinye iibhaktheriya ze-pathogenic.
Unyango kunye nophuculo kwindawo yasemanzini
Unyango lwezifo IiAeromonas Yenziwa ngokuphucula iimeko ze-aquarium okanye echibini. Imiba ephambili ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo zezi:
- Umgangatho wamanzi: Yenza utshintsho lwamanzi rhoqo ukuze uqinisekise ukuba iiparamitha ezifana ne-pH, ubushushu kunye nokuhluza zikwimeko efanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukuqokelelana kwenkunkuma kunye nokutya okushiyekileyo okunokukhuthaza ukwanda kweebhaktheriya.
- Isondlo esaneleyo: Ukubonelela ngokutya okuphilayo kunye nezongezo zevithamini ukomeleza amajoni omzimba entlanzi.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweAntibiotics: Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-antibiotics ethile ingasetyenziswa. Kunconywa ukuba ugweme ukusetyenziswa kwe-penicillin, ekubeni ibhaktheriya IiAeromonas Ziyakwazi ukumelana nolu hlobo lonyango. Endaweni yoko, amayeza afana ne-sulfonamides, i-oxytetracycline okanye i-chloramphenicol anokusetyenziswa phantsi kweliso logqirha wezilwanyana okhethekileyo.
Kubalulekile ukuphumeza izenzo zothintelo, ekubeni usulelo ngenxa IiAeromonas inokuba neqondo eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda ukuba oonobangela abasisiseko, njengokuxinana, abalawulwa ngokwaneleyo de peces kunye neemeko ezimbi zamanzi.
Ukuthintelwa kosulelo kwii-aquariums kunye neendawo zokuqandusela
Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuthintela izifo ezibangelwa yi IiAeromonas kukugcina inkqubo yokhathalelo kunye nokucoca i-aquarium. Indawo ecocekileyo ayikhuthazi kuphela impilo yeentlanzi, kodwa inciphisa amathuba okuba i-pathogen iphumelele.
Ezi nkqubo zilandelayo zingcono zinokunceda ukuthintela usulelo lwebhaktiriya kwiintlanzi:
- Ukugcinwa komgangatho wamanzi: Vavanya amanzi akho rhoqo ukujonga amanqanaba e-ammonia, i-nitrites kunye ne-nitrate. Amanzi kufuneka acoceke, abe neoksijini kakuhle kwaye angabi nazingcolisi.
- Kuphephe ukuxinana: I-aquarium akufuneki izaliswe ngabantu, njengoko unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kweentlanzi lunokwenza kube lula ukusasazeka kwezifo.
- Ulawulo loxinzelelo: Uxinezeleko luyenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwiintlanzi, nto leyo ezenza zibe sesichengeni sokwasulelwa zizifo. Qinisekisa ukuba ubabonelela ngendawo ezolileyo, enendawo eyaneleyo kunye neendawo zokuzifihla.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweprobiotics: Iiprobiotics zinokufaka isandla kwimpilo yamathumbu eentlanzi kwaye zomeleze amajoni abo omzimba, ukongeza ekukhuphisaneni neebhaktheriya ze-pathogenic ezifana UAeromonas hydrophila.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Antibiotic kwi-Aeromonas hydrophila
Ingxaki ekhulayo kunyango lwezifo ezibangelwa UAeromonas hydrophila luxhathiso lwe-antimicrobial. Le bhaktiriya ibonakaliswe ukuba iyakwazi ukumelana namayeza amaninzi okubulala iintsholongwane, nto leyo eyenza nzima unyango lwayo kwi-aquaculture kunye ne-hatcheries. de peces ezorhwebo.
Iintlobo ze UAeromonas hydrophila Banokudlulisela imfuza yokumelana nezinye iibhaktheriya, ezibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwiinkqubo ezixhomekeke kwi-antibiotics ukulawula usulelo. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlalutyo lwe-bacteriological phambi kokuba uqalise unyango lwe-antibiotic ukukhetha elona chiza lifanelekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokuphuhlisa ukunganyangeki.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokungenankathalo kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane akuchaphazeli nje kuphela i-aquaculture, kodwa kubonisa ingozi kwimpilo yabantu, kuba IiAeromonas Kwakhona kunokubangela ukusuleleka kubantu, ngakumbi ukuba ukutya okungcolileyo kudliwe okanye kukho ukudibanisa neendawo ezihlala emanzini apho ibhaktheriya ikhona.
Kufuphi, IiAeromonas Ziibhaktheriya eziyingozi kakhulu kwiintlanzi zasemanzini acwengileyo, kodwa ngokuziphatha okufanelekileyo, ukulawulwa komgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokhathalelo olukhethekileyo lwezonyango, kunokwenzeka ukuthintela kunye nokunyanga izifo. Ukunikela ingqalelo kuxinzelelo lweentlanzi, ukuphepha ukuxinana, kunye nokwenza utshintsho lwamanzi rhoqo ngundoqo ekugcineni i-aquarium enempilo, engenazifo. Nangona ibhaktheriya IiAeromonas Ziyakwazi ukumelana namanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ulawulo olululo lwezibonelelo kunye neengcebiso zonyango lwezilwanyana zingenza umahluko ekusindeni kweentlanzi kunye nokuzinza kwezibonelelo zasemanzini.