Ukuba unesitiya kwaye unesithuba sedama lamanzi, ngokuqinisekileyo ungathanda ukuba nentlanzi apho kune-aquarium. Iintlanzi ziphinda ziphinde zibengcono kwindalo esingaphantsi kweendonga ezine zeglasi. Nangona kunjalo, amachibi afuna iimfuno ezithile ukuze iintlanzi zikwazi ukuhlala kwimeko entle. Ubungakanani besicwangciso, ubunzulu, ukuhluzwa, kunye nendawo kakuhle Isisiseko sedama elizinzileyo nelisempilweni unyaka wonke.
Kule posi uya kufumanisa iimpawu ezifunwa lichibi kwaye indlela yokukhetha eyona ntlanzi ilungileyo. Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda ngayo yonke into?
Iimpawu eziyimfuneko echibini
Imilinganiselo yedama langaphandle kufuneka yanele ukuqinisekisa ukuhlala kakuhle kweentlanzi. Kanye njengokuba xa sibeka itanki yeentlanzi kwaye siqwalasela ubukhulu bayo, kwenzeka into efanayo echibini. Uhlobo ngalunye lwentlanzi esiluzisayo luya kufuna indawo eninzi okanye encinci. Umthamo omkhulu, umgangatho wamanzi uya kuzinza ngakumbi. ngokuchasene nokutshintsha kobushushu kunye neencopho zongcoliseko.
Echibini owona mlinganiselo ubalulekileyo bubunzuluKuba asikwazi ukubakhusela kakuhle kutshintsho lobushushu ngaphandle, ubunzulu bubalulekile. Kwimeko yemozulu ebanda kakhulu, iintlanzi ziyakwazi ukuzimela emazantsi echibi, apho amaqondo obushushu azinzile. Ngaphandle koko, ubunzulu obunzulu buya kwenza kube lula kubo ukuchatshazelwa bubushushu. Ubuncinci obupheleleyo, 80 cm Ziyanceda ukuthintela ingqele; nangona kunjalo, ubusika ngaphandle kweengxaki, kwiimozulu ezineqabaka kuyacetyiswa ukufikelela kwi-100-120 cm kwindawo enzulu kwaye wenze iitesi ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye nekhusi.
Ubuncinane bobunzulu obufanele ukuba unayo ichibi elingaphandle li-80 cmOku kuvumela intlanzi ukuba ikwazi ukumelana neqabaka kunye nokuhla okungalindelekanga kobushushu. Ukuba indawo yakho ifumana ubusika obunzima, ukubeka phambili ukufikelela kwi-120 cm ukuqinisekisa umaleko ozinzileyo wamanzi phantsi komkhenkce namagqabi iindawo zesithunzi ukwenzela ihlobo.
Umahluko olandelayo wokujonga ubungakanani. Intlanzi nganye emalunga ne-10 cm ubude ifuna iilitha ezingama-50 zamanzi. Ke ngoko, nanini na intlanzi yakho ikhula inkulu okanye ufuna ukongeza intlanzi, kuya kufuneka uyazi imida yedama. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba kukho iintlobo nge Umthwalo webhayoloji ophezulu (ezifana ne-carp kunye ne-goldfish) ezifuna umthamo ongaphezulu kunokuba ubukhulu bazo bucebisa: kwi-koi, sincoma ubuncinane iilitha ezili-1.000 ngomzekelo ngamnye kunye ne-10 cm ye-goldfish abanye abagcini basebenzisa Iilitha ezingama-300-500 intlanzi nganye xa idama lihlangeneyo, ukugcina amanzi ezinzileyo.
Into ebalulekileyo ukubakhusela elangeni nakwingqele kukudityaniswa kwezityalo zasemanzini. Ezi zityalo zibonelela ngomthunzi olungileyo kwaye zibenzele ukutya okuncinci. Ezona zityalo zilungileyo ziinyibiba zamanzi kunye neletisi yamanzi. Dibanisa izityalo ezidadayo, eziselunxwemeni kunye ne-oksijini ukucoca izondlo, ukubonelela ngekhusi, kunye nokukhuphisana ne-algae. Idala amaqonga okanye "iishelufu" kubunzulu obuhlukeneyo ukulungiselela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye nokubonelela indawo yokusabela.
Ukongeza kubukhulu, i indawo Ingundoqo: khetha indawo nge ilanga lasekuseni kunye nomthunzi Ngezona yure zishushu kakhulu, gcina idama kude nemithi evuthulukayo ukuze unciphise ukuwa kwamagqabi. Qinisekisa ukuba idama alifumani amanzi aphumayo anezichumisi okanye izitshabalalisi ezivela egadini.
La ukuhluzwa kunye ne-oxygenation zintliziyo yenkqubo. Isihluzo esineqonga ngoomatshini (iziponji, iibhrashi) zigcina amasuntswana, kunye neqonga ngokwebhayoloji (imithombo yeendaba ezirhabaxa) ibamba iibhaktheriya eziguqula i-ammonia kunye ne-nitrites zibe yi-nitrate. Ukuziqhelanisa okulungileyo hambisa 1-2 amaxesha umthamo echibini ngeyure. Yongeza a ingxangxasi okanye i-aerator Ukuphucula ukutshintshiselana ngegesi; ehlotyeni kunye neentlanzi ezinkulu, i-air diffuser iphantse iyimfuneko.
Lawula iiparamitha zamanzi ngovavanyo oluqhelekileyo: i-ammonia engabonakaliyo kunye ne-nitrite, i-nitrate ephantsi, i-pH ezinzileyo ngokwefauna yakho (ngokuqhelekileyo i-6,8-8), kunye nobunzima obufanelekileyo kunye nobushushu. Musa ukuthatha ukucaca kwamanzi njengesiqinisekiso somgangatho.; kukho amanzi acwengileyo abuthathaka ebomini okanye aswele ioksijini. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, khawulezisa ukuvuthwa kwesihluzo nge iibhaktheriya eziluncedo kwaye uphephe ukulayisha kakhulu de peces okanye ukutya.
Ebusika, qiniseka ukugcina indawo engenamkhenkce ukutshintshiselana ngegesi (nge-aerator okanye i-antifreeze yomhlaba) kwaye ungaphazamisi ezantsi: iintlanzi ziphumla kumaleko ashushu. Ehlotyeni, beka phambili umthunzi, i-oxygen eyongezelelweyo kwaye uphephe ukutya ngezona yure zishushu.
Ungayikhetha njani intlanzi yakho
Isiziba silawulwa yimithetho yokuphila efana nale yedama. I-Aquarium. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba zeziphi iintlobo de peces izakwaziswa. Into yokuqala okumele uyigcine engqondweni ubukhulu kunye nenani de peces sifuna ukuba nayo. Kuxhomekeka kubungakanani uyakufuna umthamo omkhulu okanye omncinci wamanzi. Chaza umthwalo wakho webhayoloji kwaye uyila ichibi kunye nesihluzo ngokufanelekileyo; hayi ngenye indlela.
Nje ukuba sithathe isigqibo ngobungakanani kunye nenani, kufuneka sijonge indlela ezenzeka ngayo iintlobo ngalunye. Kukho indawo ezinentlanzi ezinobundlobongela ezinokubonisa iingxaki kumaqabane abo. Kukho nezinye ezinokudliwa zezinye iintlobo okanye amantshontsho azo. Iintlanzi ze-gregarious zifuna iqela (ubuncinci 5-10 abantu, ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo) ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokubonisa ukuziphatha kwemvelo.
Enye into ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo zizidingo ezisisiseko zohlobo lweentlanzi esifuna ukuzibeka. Umzekelo, ukuba siyakhangela intlanzi yetropiki, Ubushushu bamanzi kufuneka bube ngaphezu kwama-20 degreesUkuba imozulu kummandla wethu inamaqondo obushushu aphantsi, intlanzi iya kufa. Ngokucacileyo, asinakuba nedama lamanzi anetyuwa, okanye ukuba sinalo, kufuneka likhathalelwe ngokugqithisileyo. Ukuba ufuna ukugcina iintlobo zetropiki ngaphandle, cinga amachibi ashushu okanye amaxesha onyaka ashushu alawulwa kakhulu kwaye abe a isicwangciso sodluliselo ngaphakathi endlini xa ubushushu buyehla.
Kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ube ne-aquarium egciniweyo xa nayiphi na intlanzi iyagula okanye iyazala. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, sinokuyikhetha intlanzi ekuthethwa ngayo ukuze ingachaphazeli intsalela okanye ukusinda kwenzala. Incinci itanki yokuvalelwa yedwa Kukwaluncedo ekujongeni iintlanzi ezintsha phambi kokuba uzazise kwaye uphephe ukungenisa izifunxi-gazi (ezifana ne-carp lice) okanye iintsholongwane (ezifana ne-koi herpesvirus) kwichibi eliphambili.
Cinga ukuhambelana Phakathi kweentlobo: Kuphephe ukudibanisa iintlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu nezidlakadlaka kunye neentlobo ezincinci ezinokudla; lungelelanisa ukhetho lwakho uluhlu lobushushu, pH, ubungakanani abadala kunye nemikhwa yokondlaUkuba uceba ukudibanisa ngaphezu kweentlobo ezimbini, funa iingcebiso kwaye ucwangcise iindawo zokubalekela ezibonakalayo kunye nezityalo kunye namatye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
U mzekelo de peces ichibi
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukuba sikhethe ngobulumko ukuba zeziphi iintlobo de peces Siza kuzisa kwidama lethu. Kuze kube kutshanje, into eqhelekileyo yayikukukhetha Iintlanzi zeKoi ngenxa yokuphila ixesha elide kunye nokuqina. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, Kwamanye amazwe kunye nemimandla, ukubakho okanye ukuthengisa kwabo kunokuthintelwa. ngenxa yemimiselo yeentlobo ezingaqhelekanga; soloko ujonga umthetho wengingqi phambi kokuthenga kwaye uphephe ukuwakhulula endle.
Nangona ezi ntlanzi zasempuma ziyamangalisa kwaye ziyaziwa ngokubanzi, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo. Ezona zinconyiweyo zezo zinoxhathiso olukhulu kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Iimeko emachibini azikho ngokwemvelo njengezo zikwi-aquariums. Ukuba intlanzi ithathwa kwindawo yayo kwaye yaziswa kwi-aquarium, kuya kufuneka ilungelelanise. Kwii-aquariums, inkqubo yohlengahlengiso iyakhawuleza kuba iimpawu ze-ecosystem apho yayihlala khona ziphinda zenziwe ngezona nkcukacha zincinci. Akunjalo ngedama. Apha, iimeko zezendalo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha ngononophelo.
Emva koko ndiza kukunika uluhlu lweentlanzi ezintlanu ezomeleleyo nezide ukwenzela amachibi. Kananjalo banenzuzo yokukwazi ukuhlalisana kakuhle omnye nomnye. Silwenze uluhlu oludumileyo, iintlobo zemveli ezingena kumachibi amaninzi acwangciswe kakuhle.
Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio, iintlobo ze nishikigoi)
Ukusuka kumhlophe, obomvu, kunye neepateni ezimnyama ukuya kwizikali zeperile, i-koi yiyo i icon enkulu yamachibi. Banokufikelela phezulu 100 cm kunye neminyaka emininzi yobomi ngesondlo esilungileyo kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Bafuna imiqulu enobubele, ubuncinane iilitha ezili-1.000 kwikopi nganye, ichibi elinzulu elinokucoca okugqwesileyo kunye ubushushu obufanelekileyo phakathi kwe20–24 °C (ungaze ube ngaphantsi kwe-4 °C ebusika). Baziintlanzi ezinobuhlobo kwaye ezithembayo; ziyatya imivalo ethile okanye iipellet ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo weprotheyini kunye namafutha. Kuba akukho satiety icacileyo, kuphephe ukutya kakhulu. Iyahambelana ne-goldfish eyomeleleyo, i-tench okanye i-roach ukuba umthamo uyavuma.
Intlanzi yegolide (iCarassius auratus auratus) kunye neentlobo (icomet, shubunkin, sarasa)
I-Classic, iqinile, kwaye kulula ukuyigcina, intlanzi yegolide iza ngeentlobo ezininzi kunye nemibala. Bayafikelela 20-35 cm ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye nenkathalo, kunye nexesha elilindelekileyo lobomi be 20-30 iminyaka okanye ngaphezulu. Benza kakuhle kumachibi anobunzulu be ubuncinane 100 cm ubusika namanzi phakathi 16-24 ° C. gcina amaqela amancinci (ubuncinci be-3) kwaye inikezela ngevolumu enkulu ngokwesampulu nganye, ngakumbi kwiindidi ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-shubunkin kunye ne-comet. Ziyi-omnivorous, zigrumba emazantsi zifuna ukutya kwaye zihlala kakuhle kunye neentlobo ezineemfuno ezifanayo.
Tench (Tinca tinca)
Ngemikhwa ye-crepuscular and nocturnal, yintlanzi enoxolo ekhethayo amazantsi anesanti okanye anodaka kunye nezityalo ezishinyeneyo apho inokuzimela emini. Ukumelana kakhulu namanqanaba aphantsi oksijini, inokufikelela 20-40 cm (ngaphezulu kwiimeko ezizodwa) kwaye uphile 15-20 iminyaka. gcina amaqela e-5 okanye ngaphezulu, ezinotyani obuninzi neendawo ezinzulu; ubushushu obunyamezelekayo be 12-26 ° C. Iyatya iimollusks, izilwanyana ezingenamqolo kunye nezityalo. Ihlala kakuhle kunye neentlobo ezinoxolo.
Gardí okanye rudd (iScardinius erythrophthalmus)
Intaka yesilivere enobubele enamaphiko abomvu ahlabayo; iyathanda iindawo eziselunxwemeni ezinezityalo. Fikelela 20-40 cm kwaye unokuphila 15-20 iminyaka. Ubukhulu becala i-phytophagous, ngoko inokutya izityalo ezithambileyo; zityalo ezomeleleyo namagqabi ashinyeneyo. Gcina amaqela 10–15 kwaye ibeke iliso kwizifunxi-gazi ezifana intwala carpIqinile ebusika kwaye iwanyamezela kakuhle amaxesha onyaka abandayo.
I-crucian carp engenamama (Leucaspius delineatus)
Encinci, eqaqambileyo kwaye enoxolo kakhulu, uhlala kuyo iibhanki kufuphi nomphezulu phakathi kwezityalo zomlambo. Iyalinganisa 6-9 cm (abasetyhini ukuya kwi-12 cm) kunye nobomi 3-4 iminyaka. gcina iibhanki ze-10 okanye ngaphezulu, eneendawo ezinomthunzi kunye nezityalo. Iyatya zooplankton, imibungu yeengcongconi kunye nokutya okomileyoIlungele ukongeza i-dynamism kumaleko aphezulu echibini.
Ibhari yegolide (IBarbus semifasciolatus)
Le ntlanzi incinci kakhulu. Kunzima ukufikelela kwi-7 cm. Nangona kunjalo, ihlala ixesha elide (inokuphila ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-7). Ezi ntlanzi aziwanyamezeli kakuhle amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ngoko ke ebusika kuyimfuneko ukuzifudusela kwi-aquarium yasekhaya. Babonelele ngazo amaqela e-6 okanye ngaphezulu, izityalo neendawo zokusabela. Bayawaxabisa amanzi ashushu, aneoksijini eninzi.
Ngokuphathelele ukuziphatha kwabo, sinokuthi banoxolo kwaye bafuna iindawo ezincinci. Ukuba ufuna ukugcina iibarbs zegolide, kuya kufuneka uthenge ubuncinci ezintandathu. Ukuphucula impilo-ntle yabo, gcina umgangatho wamanzi ozinzile kwaye uphephe amaqabane amakhulu kakhulu.
Ikhubhu (I-Leuciscus idus)
Le ntlanzi yaziwa ngokuba yiCachuelo. Ezi ntlanzi zingaphila iminyaka engama-20 Ukuba zinyanyekelwe kakuhle, azidingi ezinye iintlanzi ukuze zichume etankini, yaye akuyomfuneko ukuba sizixhalabise ngamaqondo obushushu. Ezi ntlanzi zivela emantla, ngoko sele ziqhelile ukubanda. Kumachibi amakhulu, ayasebenza kwaye aqinile, alungele intlanzi ephakathi kunye nephezulu; banikela oxygenation elungileyo kunye nokuhluzwa, njengoko ivelisa umthwalo othile webhayoloji.
Ipepile yeCorydora (UCorydora paleatus)
Ngaba uyakhumbula yeyoku? Bafezekile intlanzi ezantsi ezicocekileyoKule meko, baya kusinceda sigcine amazantsi echibi ecocekile. Bahlala ixesha elide kancinci kuneentlobo ezibonwe ngaphambili, kodwa ubomi babo bude ngokwaneleyo ukuba sizithande. Bangaphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emine. Bakhetha ubushushu obuphakathi. amaqela e-6 okanye ngaphezulu, ii-substrates ezintle kunye neendawo zokuhlala zokukhusela ukulimala kwe-barbel.
Ukuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yabo, kungcono ukufumana imizekelo emithandathu yokuhlala kwindawo encinci. amanzi ngaphandle ammonia okanye nitrites kunye nokutya okufikelela ezantsi (iipilisi ezizikayo).
Intlanzi yeBream (UAbramis uyakhala)
Le ntlanzi ingaphila kwiminyaka eli-17 kwaye ifikelele kubukhulu ukuya kwi-80 cmIngxaki yolu hlobo lweentlanzi kukuba njengoko zikhula, ziba ndlongondlongo kwaye zingabi nabuhlobo. Ifuna amachibi amakhulu kakhulu, enomhlaba omkhulu wokuqubha, umzantsi othambileyo, kunye nekhusi. Kungcono ukubagcina kunye namaqabane alingana ngobukhulu ukunqanda ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukhuphiswano olugqithisileyo.
Intlanzi yegolideICarassius auratus)
I-carp eyaziwayo yegolide okanye intlanzi yekayiti, yenye ye eyona ntlanzi ixhaphakileyo kumadamaZikhethwa ngenxa yombala wazo kunye nokulula kokuzala. Zincinci (zifikelela kwiisentimitha ezingama-20 kuphela). Zihlala ixesha elide kangangokuba imizekelo ibhalwe ukuba iphila ukuya kuthi ga kwinkulungwane. Iintlobo ngeentlobo ezifana Shubunkin kunye noSarasa Bakhuthele ngakumbi kwaye bayabonisa.
Le yintlanzi enoxolo engayi kubangela nayiphi na ingxaki okanye ifune amanye amalungu entsapho yayo ukuba aphile. Ngenxa yokhathalelo olulula, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufumane ngaphezulu kwe-cometfish enye. Kuphephe ukuxinana kwaye unikeze umthamo omkhulu kunye nokuhluzwa ukuwagcina esempilweni kwaye ekhula ngokufanelekileyo.
Ezinye iintlobo umdla ezinkulu, amachibi kakuhle-ahluzwayo ziquka sterlet (i-sturgeon encinci, kwiingcali), i shubunkin njengolunye uhlobo oluqinileyo lweentlanzi zegolide, kunye nezincinci ezincinci ezifana ne rodeo, minnow okanye stickleback kumachibi afanelekileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge nayiphi na, khangela iimfuno, ukuhambelana kunye nemimiselo.
Ukutya iintlanzi echibini
Iintlanzi zasePond zifuna ukutya ekulula ukwetyiswa nokukhululeka kangangoko. Ukuba uneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlanzi echibini lakho, kubalulekile ukwazi umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokuzondla. Intlanzi nganye ifuna umlinganiselo othile wokutya ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zayo. Olona khetho lungcono kukuba neentlanzi ezinazo iimfuno ezifanayo nokuba, nabo, abanazo iingxaki ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo. Inikezela ngeesayizi ezifanelekileyo zeepellet kubukhulu bomlomo kunye nokutya okunye ukugubungela zonke iimfuno.
Okona kutya kulungileyo Kwiintlanzi ngokuqhelekileyo zibiza malunga ne-euro ezi-8. Inokwaneleyo ukondla ishumi elinesibini de peces okwexeshana.
Ngokucwangcisa ngobulumko, ukukhetha iintlobo ezihambelanayo, nokunyamekela umgangatho wamanzi, ichibi liba yindawo ephilayo, ezinzileyo nenhle unyaka wonke. Tyala imali kwi Imiqulu eninzi, ukuhluzwa okusebenzayo, uhlaza olwaneleyo kunye nokutya okulinganiselweyo, kwaye uya kukonwabela de peces enempilo, imibala eqaqambileyo kunye namanzi acacileyo ngaphandle kweengxaki.