Kwiilwandle zethu kunye neelwandle kukho isixa esikhulu de peces ngeemilo ezahlukeneyo ezingaqhelekanga kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zobukhulu. Umzekelo woku yisunfish. Ekubeni iphantse yafana nezinye iintlanzi, ayibonakali ngathi yayiyintlanzi. Namhlanje siza kuhlalutya nzulu intlanzi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-eels kwaye ihlelwa njengentlanzi. Abazizo iinyoka ngokobuqu, kodwa zikhangeleka njengenye. Imalunga moray eel.
Ngaba uyafuna ukufumana zonke iimfihlo ezifihlwa yile ntlobo inomdla? Qhubeka nokufunda ukwazi ngakumbi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
I-moray fish inkulu kwaye yeyosapho lakwaMuraenidae. Sithe zaziwa ngokuba zii-eels kuba zezohlobo lwe-Anguiliformes. Uphawu oluphambili kuyo yonke imizekelo yalo myalelo kukuba Abanamaphiko e-pectoral okanye i-ventral. Ukongeza, banayo a ulusu olugudileyoLe genus ixhaphake kakhulu kwiMeditera kwaye imelwe kakhulu kulwandle olushushu kunye nolwandle.
I-moray eel inomzimba nde kakhulu yohlobo lwe-eel kwaye inokufikelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,5 yeemitha ubude. Ubunzima bayo buhlala bumalunga ne-15 kg, nangona kwimizekelo emininzi ithande ukuba nkulu noko. Umbala uyahluka phakathi kwee-shades ze grey emnyama ukuya kumdaka enamabala amnyama amahle. Ulusu lwayo lubhityile kwaye alunasikali, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kwaye lugqunywe yi umfinya okhuselayo enciphisa ukukhuhlane kwaye isebenze njengesithintelo kwi-pathogens.
Iphiko lomqolo liqala emva kwentloko yazo lize liqhubeke ukuya kwiphiko le-caudal elidityaniswe nephiko lempundu. Abanawo amaphiko e-pectoral kunye nawo amazinyo amade atsolo Zenzelwe ukubamba amaxhoba amtyibilizi. Imilomo yabo mide kwaye yomelele, ifikelela emva kweegill. Ukuba ubona i-moray eel ivula kwaye ivala umlomo wayo, khumbula ukuba esi senzo siyasebenza ukumpompa amanzi kwiigili, ayilophawu lokuhlasela.
Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, ii-brunettes zikhona ipere ezimbini zempumlo (ukuvuleka kweempumlo), enye ikwincam yempumlo ize enye ibe ngasentla okanye emva kwamehlo, nto leyo ephucula imvakalelo yabo yokujoja ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Kwiintlobo ezininzi, intloko incinci kwaye ayinayo amandla okufunxa xa isondla, ngoko baye baphuhlisa ukulungelelaniswa okukhethekileyo phakathi kwezilwanyana ezinomqolo: imihlathi yepharyngeal ezishukumayo eziphuma emqaleni ukuze zibambe kwaye zise ixhoba kummizo.
Ngaphakathi kweMuraenidae iintsapho ezimbini ezingaphantsi zohlulwa: Muraeninae (iphiko lomqolo liqala kanye emva kwentloko, apho likhoyo ngokomzekelo Muraena helena) kunye Uropterygiinae (ezinamabhanti okugqibela atshintshelwe ekupheleni komsila, aziwa ngokuba yi-snake morays). Usapho lubandakanya iindidi ezininzi, kubandakanya Gymnothorax, eMuraena, echidna, Enchelycore, Rhinomuraena, Strophidon y Uropterygius, kunye nokwahlukana okubanzi kweepateni zemibala kunye nobukhulu (ezinye iintlobo zetropiki zingaphezulu kwemitha enye enesiqingatha ubude).
Uluhlu kunye nendawo yokuhlala
I-moray eel idlula ecaleni kwe ulwandle lasemediterranean. Imelwe kukubonakala kwayo kumanzi ashinyeneyo nakweleenjiko ukusuka kwindawo esempuma yolwandle. Atlantic ukusuka eSenegal ukuya British Isles. Ikwavela nakwii-archipelagos zaseMacronesian ezifana IAzores kunye neZiqithi zaseCanary, nakwiindawo ezininzi zekorale kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngokuphathelele indawo yokuhlala yendalo, bakholisa ukukhetha iindawo ezinamatye zolwandle, ezifana iingqaqa zekorale, iindonga kunye nomzantsi nge iintanda kunye nemiqolomba apho bafumana indawo yokuhlala egqibeleleyo ukuze bahambe. KwiMeditera zibonwa phakathi 5 kunye ne-80 yeemitha ubunzulu, nangona izinto ezininzi ezibonwayo zigxile kubunzulu obungekho nzulu. Ehlotyeni zinokusondela kufutshane nonxweme, ngoxa kumanzi abandayo zidla ngokuhlala iindawo ezinzulu.
I-moray eel yoLwandle lweMeditera ikhokelela ubomi bayo kwi yodwa kunye nommandlaNgokuqhelekileyo bagcina ummandla wabo wemvelaphi kwaye babe umsebenzi wasebusukuKuqhelekile ukubabona bekhupha iintloko zabo emlonyeni wekhusi labo, ngamanye amaxesha ezinxulumene ne-conger eels (Conger conger) okanye phambi kwe shrimps ezicocekileyo ezifana Lysmata setiaudataEzi shrimps zenza a symbiosis mutualistic ukususa inkunkuma yokutya kunye ne-parasites kwisikhumba se-moray kunye nomlomo womlomo.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona kwale ntlanzi akuqondwa kakuhle, ngoko ke asizukwazi ukuyigubungela kwesi sithuba. Into eyaziwayo kuphela kukuba ivelisa inani elikhulu lamaqanda ngexesha lokuzala. Phantse amaqanda angama-60.000, umzekelo. Ngenxa yokuba zininzi, zidla ngokufumana izifunxi-gazi ezinjenge trematodes. I-Folliculovarium mediterraneum kunye nefleworm Lecithochirium grandiporum. Ukongeza, kunjalo de peces oviparous kwaye imibungu, yabiza leptocephalus, ziselubala kunye nepelagic; bachitha iiveki okanye iinyanga bekhukuliseka phambi kokuba bemetamorphosing kwaye bazinze ezantsi.
Ukudideka okunokwenzeka kwiMeditera
Ulwandle lweMeditera moray eel (Muraena helena) ibonisa ipateni brown enamachokoza atyheli namnyama yahluke kakhulu. Kunzima ukuyibhidanisa ne ingwe moray eel (Enchelycore anatina), umbala orenji kunye namazinyo abonakalayo kakhulu, okanye kunye ne bafa (Gymnothorax unicolor), umbala omdaka ngokufanayo.
Ubudlelwane nokuloba kunye nexabiso lokupheka
Nangona ingelulo uhlobo lomdla worhwebo oluphezulu, ibanjwa manqaphanqapha. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo ngu iharpoon, ukufumana imizekelo kwimingxuma yazo; ingena nakwizibambo ukuloba ngamatye sele engene ukusefa emanziniNgokwembali, kwi Ubudala baseRoma Baye baxatyiswa kakhulu kwi-gastronomy kwaye bakhuliswa kwiindawo zokulondoloza unxweme. Namhlanje ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuncinci kwaye ixhomekeke kummandla (umzekelo, kwezinye iindawo zeziqithi zeAtlantiki). Kwiintlobo ezinkulu zetropiki, kufuneka kulumke ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka i-bioaccumulated toxins (umzekelo, i-ciguatera); ngokwesiko, inyama yayo iye yalungiswa kwi-marinade okanye iphekwe kakuhle.
Ukutya
Olu hlobo inyamakazi kunye ne-scavengerNgexesha elisebenzayo, lizingela ezinye iintlanzi kunye ne-cephalopods. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokufunyanwa izingela ezinye ii-moray eels. Amehlo akhe akaboni kakuhle kwaye, ke ngoko, basekela ukuzingela kwabo ikakhulu kokwabo ivumba. Ngale ndlela bayakwazi ukulandelela ixhoba labo.
Ingumrhaji xa ingafumani naluphi na olunye uhlobo lokutya. Esi silwanyana simi njenge utshaba olukwizinga eliphezulu phezulu kwikhonkco lokutya kwiingqaqa zayo. Iyakwazi ukutya ezinye izilwanyana ezikhulu kunayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezincinci apho umzimba wayo izihlunu kwaye bhetyebhetye ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise ngokunenzuzo.
Yintoni eyenza i-moray eel ibe phezulu kwikhonkco lokutya kukuba isilwanyana esikhulu, esinamandla. Umhlathi wayo unenkqubo ephuhliswe kakhulu equka umhlathi wesibini evula xa eyokuqala sele ivuliwe.
Ukuze itye, ibamba ixhoba layo kunye nayo umhlathi wokuqala kwaye itsalela ngaphandle, ixhwila phantsi kwixhoba. Olu hlengahlengiso lwemihlathi lwenza ukuba i-moray eel ibe ntle umatshini wokulumaUninzi lweentlanzi zithembele ekuvuleni imihlathi yazo emikhulu ngokukhawuleza, kubangela uxinzelelo olubi lwamanzi ukuba lufunxe ixhoba emlonyeni wabo.
Oku kukwazi kwe-eel ukuginya iintlanzi kunye nezidalwa ezikhulu ziphelele. Ukongeza, ezinye ii-moray eels zisebenzisa ubuchule be iqhina ngomsila ukukrazula iinqununu zexhoba elikhulu (umzekelo, i-octopus). Kuqhelekile ukuqwalasela ukucoca ubudlelwane nge shrimp (Lysmata setiaudata) ezisusa inkunkuma yokutya emilonyeni naseluswini, kwaye zibhalwe kwiingqaqa zetropiki ukuzingela ngokubambisana kunye nama-groupers, apho omabini amarhamncwa axhamlayo.
Iintlanzi eziBrown ekuthinjweni
Ukusuka kwinto enokuthelekelelwa, Kunzima ukuba neentlanzi ezinezi mpawu kwii-aquariumsNangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka. Iingcebiso ezithile ziyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba intlanzi ikhokelela ubomi obunempilo nobunoxolo. Olu hlobo lucetyiswa kuphela kwabo banamava aphezulu kwihlabathi lokugcina i-aquarium.
Utyekele ekubandezelekeni izifo zesikhumba. Ngenxa yokuba zingenazikali, zinovelwano kakhulu kumayeza amaninzi kwaye, xa zithuthwa kwindawo yazo yendalo, zinokuza nezifunxi-gazi ezininzi kunye nazo. Ukuze ugweme oku, kungcono ukuwabeka ukuhlala yedwaI-Parasitism ithotywa nge-sterilizer elungileyo. UV etankini. Ayizukunceda kuphela ukukhusela izifo ezininzi, kodwa iya kubonelela ngozinzo olukhulu kwi-aquarium.
Ngokumalunga nokuziphatha kwayo, yintlanzi ezolileyo engahlali iphazamisa amanye amaqabane e-aquarium. Nangona kunjalo, I-black moray fish inokuba ndlongondlongo kunye namalungu eentlobo zabo kunye nezinye ezifanayo. Ngaphandle koko, baneentloni ngokubanzi. Kufuneka ulumkele ukuhlalisa ezinye iintlobo de peces incinci kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nabo, ukusukela nge umlomo omkhulu kangaka ekhoyo inokuginya kwaye iziginye ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Jonga indlela eziphatha ngayo nezinye iintlanzi, ungayifumana ngeentlanzi ezilingana nawe.
Iimfuno ezisebenzayo ze-aquarium
- Umthamo kunye nekhava: ii-aquariums eziphangaleleyo ezinamatye amaninzi kunye nemiqolomba; kwii-moray eels ezinobungakanani obuphakathi, ngaphezulu kweelitha ezingama-400–500. Kubalulekile isiciko esingangeni moya okanye igridi ekhuselekileyo: ngamagcisa abalaseleyo okubaleka.
- Iiparameter: elwandle, ityuwa ezinzileyo kunye ukuhluzwa okunamandla ngentshukumo elungileyo; kwi-estuarine okanye iintlobo zamanzi ahlaziyekileyo, ezininzi zifuna amanzi brackish kwisigaba sayo sabantu abadala.
- Ukutya ekuthinjweni: nikeza ixhoba lenyama esemgangathweni (intlanzi, i-squid, i-shrimp), 2-3 amaxesha ngeveki, ukuphepha ukutya kakhulu. Ayikhuthazwa ukutyisa ngesandla; sebenzisa iitweezers ezinde.
- Abahlobo: intlanzi yobukhulu obufanayo okanye obukhulu, ukuphepha izilwanyana ezingenamqolo ezinokubanjwa. Beka iliso kwiingxabano kunye iintlobo ezinemilo efanayo (i-conger eels, ezinye ii-moray eels).
Izifo
Izifo zihlasela ezi ntlanzi, nangona zihlala zinganiki ngxaki ukuba i-aquarium ikhathalelwe kwaye igcinwe kakuhle. Intlanzi yomlambo i-moray ixhaphake ngakumbi kwizifo kuneentlanzi zolwandle. Ukuba siqaphela ezinye iimpawu zokugula, kufuneka siyibeke yodwa kwaye yodwa itanki. Banokufikelela dada phezu komhlaba ukuthomalalisa ulusu lwakho xa uziva ucaphukile kakhulu okanye unoxinzelelo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo baphendula kakuhle kumayeza amaninzi kwaye baphilise ngokukhawuleza. Akufanele usebenzise ubhedu kwitanki yomlambo i-moray eels okanye inokosuleleka. Ngokubanzi, amayeza asekelwe kubhedu kunye nezinye unyango ndlongo azinyamezelwa kakuhle ziintlanzi ezingenamlinganiselo; jongana nezinye iindlela ezifana ipraziquantel kwiitrematodes, iibhafu ezilawulwayo okanye ulawulo lokusingqongileyo (ukuphuculwa komgangatho wamanzi kunye ne-UV).
Xa ugcina iintlanzi ezininzi, kuqhelekile ukuba zonke zosuleleke nangaphambi kokuba kubonwe iimpawu zokuqala ezilumkisayo. Eyona ndlela yokuthintela isifo kukunika intlanzi indawo efanelekileyo kwaye ubanike ukutya okunesondlo. Phakathi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo ze-pathologies kwi-moray eels zezi:
- Izidleleleli zangaphandle (trematodes kunye nematodes) kunye protozoa eluswini nakwiinyongo; jonga ukuphefumla okanye ukuhlikihla ngokukhawuleza.
- Usulelo lwebhakteria okwesibini kukulunywa okanye ukuhlikihla ematyeni, nto leyo edala ububomvu kunye nezilonda.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-Osmotic ngenxa yokungabikho kwetyuwa eyaneleyo kwiintlobo zebrackish, ezicinezela amajoni omzimba.
- Ukuswela ukutya ngokutya okunesondlo; iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlanzi kunye nee-cephalopods zemvelaphi elungileyo.
I-sterilizer ye-UV enobungakanani, utshintsho lwamanzi rhoqo, iiparamitha ezizinzileyo kunye neendawo zokuvalelwa zothintelo yeyona ipolisi ye-inshorensi engcono kwimpilo yakho.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLd4FedXUnY
Nangona ukubonakala kwayo kunamandla, i-moray eel yintlanzi enomdla: i-eel-like, yasebusuku kwaye i-stealthy, iqhekeza eliphambili leingqaqa namazantsi anamatye. Ziqonde iimpawu zayo (ukunqongophala kwamaphiko e-pectoral, umfinya okhuselayo, amazinyo abukhali kunye imihlathi yepharyngeal), qonda eyakho indawo yokuhlala Kwaye ukwazi ukuba yondla kwaye ikhathalelwe njani ekuthinjweni kuya kukuvumela ukuba uyonwabele ngokukhuselekileyo, nokuba uyantywila okanye kwi-aquarium ehambele phambili. Ngokuhlonipha indawo yayo, ukunqanda ukuyiphatha kunye nokugcina iinkqubo ezizinzileyo ze-aquarium, imingcipheko iyancitshiswa kwaye isimilo sendalo.