Ooshaka kunye nemisebe kwiziqithi zaseBalearic, okokuqala, banesicwangciso esithile sokuzikhusela ejonge ukunqanda ukuwohloka kwayo nokuqinisekisa impilo yexesha elide yoLwandle lweBalearic kunye ukulondolozwa kweentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle eSpainUrhulumente unike imvume kwisakhelo esibanzi sesenzo esidibanisa isayensi, ulawulo lweentlanzi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwamacandelo abandakanyekayo.
Yiyo Isicwangciso sobuvulindlela eSpain nakwiNtshona yeMeditera, ekhuthazwa yiSebe lezoLimo, iiNtlanzi kunye neNdalo, elibeka iinjongo ezicacileyo kunye namanyathelo acacileyo okunciphisa izoyikiso kwi elasmobranchs —iqela eliquka ooshaki kunye neerays— kwaye liqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwazo emanzini eZiqithi zaseBalearic.
Isicwangciso sokusebenza esipapashwe kwi-BOIB saza saqulunqwa ngaphakathi komgaqo-nkqubo wezolwandle waseBalearic
Oko kubizwa ngokuba Isicwangciso Sokusebenza Sokulondolozwa Kwe-Elasmobranchs kwiZiqithi zaseBalearic Ivunyiwe ngokusesikweni ngokupapashwa kwayo kwiGazette esemthethweni yeZiqithi zaseBalearic (BOIB). Ngale ndlela, isuka ekubeni sisibhengezo senjongo ukuya kwi isixhobo sokusebenza solawulo lolwandle ukuba oorhulumente kuya kufuneka bayisebenzise kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ngokutsho koMphathiswa, esi sicwangciso siyinxalenye icebo lokulondoloza ulwandle kwihlabathi liphela Isicwangciso sikaRhulumente waseBalearic sihambelana nemithetho yesithili neyesizwe kunye nezibophelelo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseYurophu. Ngamazwi karhulumente ngokwakhe, sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwindlela yokuqhubela phambili kwimodeli yolawulo lolwandle olunoxanduva olusekelwe kulwazi lwesayensi.
UMlawuli Jikelele wezokuLoba, uAntoni M. Grau, ugxininisa ukuba eli phulo limele "linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuqhubela phambili ukhuseleko olusebenzayo loLwandle lweBalearic"Ukudibanisa imisebenzi yolondolozo kunye nokuloba. UMphathiswa ugxininisa ukuba iZiqithi zaseBalearic ziphinda zibe phambili kumgaqo-nkqubo wolwandle, ngenxa yoxwebhu oluphuhliswe ngokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu lwezenzululwazi kunye necandelo lokuloba ngobuchwephesha kunye nokuzonwabisa.
Kwelakhe icala, uMlawuli Jikelele weNdalo kunye noLawulo lwaMahlathi, uAnna Torres, ukhankanya ukuba Ukukhuselwa kookrebe kunye nemisebe kunxulumene ngqo nempilo yeenkqubo zendalo zaselwandle. kunye nekamva lelifa lendalo leziqithi. UTorres ugxininisa ukuba uLwandle lwaseBalearic lugcina umgangatho ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi komxholo wentshona yeMeditera kwaye luxanduva lwalo lonke uluntu ukulilondoloza ngezixhobo ezifana nesi sicwangciso.
Imeko ebalulekileyo ye-elasmobranchs kuLwandle lwaseBalearic
Ukuvunywa kwesicwangciso kuphendula kwi- ukuxilongwa okuxhalabisayo malunga nemeko yokwanda kweentlanzi zeshark kunye ne-ray emanzini eZiqithi zaseBalearic. Incwadi Ebomvu Yeentlanzi zaseZiqithi zaseBalearic ithi, kwiintlobo ezingama-56 ze-elasmobranchs ezibhalwe kulo mmandla, ezingama-34 zithathwa njengezisengozini kwaye ezili-17 zisengozini enkulu okanye sele zithathwa njengezitshabaleleyo kwinqanaba lengingqi. Phakathi kweentlobo ezichaphazelekayo kukho I-hammerhead ukrebe.
Ezi data zibonisa ukuba Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seentlobo ze-shark kunye ne-ray ezikhoyo kwiziqithi zijongene nomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphelaOku kufuna ukuba kusetyenziswe amanyathelo athile okulondoloza ukuba umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwindalo uza kuphetshwa.
Ii-Elasmobranchs zihlala zikwindawo ephezulu kwikhonkco lokutya kwaye Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni izinto eziphilayo zaselwandleUkuncipha kwayo kunokubangela iziphumo zokuwa kweentlanzi, kunye notshintsho kubuninzi bezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana, ukuguqulwa kweendawo zokuhlala, kunye notshintsho ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwendalo yolwandle.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka ezi zilwanyana ziye zahlupheka ukunqongophala kokuqatshelwa nokungakhathalelwa kuluntu nakulawulo lwezokulobaUmyalelo ovuma esi sicwangciso uyavuma ukuba ooshark kunye neerays azizange zifumane udumo oluhle phakathi kwabemi okanye umdla owaneleyo kwizigqibo zolawulo, into ngoku ecetywayo ukuba ilungiswe ngesicwangciso esithile sexesha elide.
Nangona kunjalo, amava akutshanje abonisa ukuba Ukubuyiselwa kweminye imimandla kunokwenzeka xa uxinzelelo lokuloba luncitshisiwe.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwakho ukwanda kokubanjwa nokujongwa kweentlobo ezithile zemitha, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ulawulo olufanelekileyo lunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezilungileyo.
Imigca emithandathu yesicwangciso-qhinga solondolozo olupheleleyo
Isicwangciso Sokusebenza sihlelwe ngokwe amacandelo amathandathu amakhulu eqhinga ezifuna ukujongana nokulondolozwa kookrebe kunye nemisebe evela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, zidibanisa umsebenzi wesayensi, ulawulo lokuloba, imfundo kunye nokuqinisa ulawulo.
Okokuqala, ibhloko egxile kwi ulwazi, ulwazi kunye nokusasazwaInjongo kukuphucula ulwazi loluntu ngokubaluleka kwendalo kwee-elasmobranchs, ukuphakamisa ulwazi malunga nokuba zeziphi iintlobo ezikhuselweyo, kunye nokwandisa amandla okuzibona, ingakumbi phakathi kweenqanawa zobungcali kunye nokuloba ngokuzonwabisa.
Umgca wesibini ujoliswe ngqo ukubeka esweni kunye nokuqokelelwa kwedathaEsi sicwangciso sijonge ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ulwazi olufumanekayo, ukuphucula ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ngexesha lokubamba, nokuqinisa ukujonga ngokwesayensi, ukuze izigqibo zolawulo zisekelwe kubungqina obuhlaziyiweyo nobunokuthenjwa.
I-axis yesithathu inikezelwe kwi ukunciphisa ukubanjwa ngengozi kunye nokuphuculwa kwemigaqo yokukhululwaKuyaqapheleka ukuba uninzi lweeshark kunye nee-ray specimens ziphelela kwizixhobo zokuloba ngempazamo, nokuba zikwimigca emide, ii-trawls, okanye ezinye izixhobo, kwaye indlela eziphathwa ngayo nezibuyiselwa ngayo elwandle ibalulekile ukuze zisinde.
Umgca wesine uquka amaqela ulawulo lweentlanzi kunye namanyathelo okulondoloza ngokuthe ngqookunokubandakanya yonke into ukususela ekudalweni kwemiqathango yokuloba okwethutyana okanye esisigxina ukuya ekumiselweni kobukhulu obuncinci bokubamba, kunye nemigaqo ethile kwizixhobo zokuloba ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye amanyathelo okuqinisa inani labantu.
Okwesihlanu, isicwangciso siquka ukukhuthaza uphando kunye nokusungula ngokusebenzisa i-Institute of Agri-food and Fisheries Research and Training (IRFAP) kunye nezinye imibutho yesayensi, ukukhuthaza izifundo malunga nokusinda emva kokukhululwa, ulwahlulo-ntlobo lwemfuza okanye ukuchongwa kweendawo ezibalulekileyo zomjikelo wobomi beentlobo.
Okokugqibela, i-axis yesithandathu igxile ukuqinisa ukubeka esweni kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye noqeqesho oluthile lwabasebenzi bokuhlola kunye nomzamo omkhulu wokulungelelanisa ulawulo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo asetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo emhlabeni.
Amanyathelo amafutshane, aphakathi kunye namaxesha amade: amanyathelo ali-16 athile
Le migca mithandathu yeqhinga iguqulela kwi Amanyathelo ali-16 aqinileyo alinganiswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zexesha, ukusuka kwizenzo ezikhawulezileyo ukuya kwizenzo zexesha elide, ezenzelwe ukuqinisa utshintsho olufunekayo kulawulo loLwandle lwaseBalearic.
Kwixesha elifutshane—elinomlinganiselo ophezulu weenyanga ezili-18—kulindeleke oku kulandelayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto: Ukuhlaziya nokuhlaziya kwakhona izikhokelo zeentlobo ezikhuselweyo Ezi zixhobo zijoliswe kwiinqanawa zokuloba zobungcali, kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo ezithile zokuloba ngokuzonwabisa. Zifanele zincede ekuchongweni ngokukhawuleza kwee-elasmobranchs ezingenakugcinwa.
A indlela ethile yokubamba ngengoziukuze abalobi abaziingcali nabanokuzonwabisa babe nemiyalelo ecacileyo nelula yendlela yokuphatha ooshaka kunye nemisebe ekwibhodi baze bayibuyisele elwandle ngendlela eya kwandisa amathuba abo okusinda.
Olu luvo lufanayo luquka izifundo zesayensi malunga ukusinda emva kokukhululwa kunye nokwahlukahluka kwemfuzaisisiseko sokuqonda ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokukhulula ezisebenzayo kunye nokuqonda ngcono imeko yokwenyani yabemi kunye nokuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zabo.
Kwixesha eliphakathi, esi sicwangciso sinombono wokuphumeza amaphulo okwazisa uluntu kunye namacandeloLa manyathelo ajoliswe kuluntu ngokubanzi nakumaqela anxulumene ngqo nolwandle. Izifundo ezineenkcukacha zeendlela zoluntu nazo zicwangcisiwe ukuze kuvavanywe ukusebenza kakuhle kwala manyathelo kunye nokulungisa ulawulo xa kuyimfuneko.
Phakathi kwezenzo zexesha eliphakathi kukho ukuphononongwa kweenqobo zokuseka ubungakanani obuncinci bokubambisa ye-elasmobranchs, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintlobo ezixhatshazwayo zinexesha elaneleyo lokuzala nokuba ubuncinane inxalenye enkulu yazo ifikelela ekuvuthweni ngokwesondo ngaphambi kokuba zigcinwe.
Kwixesha elide, olu xwebhu luquka amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba ukudala nokuqinisa iiprojekthi zokuqinisa nokubuyisela uluntu zeentlobo ezisengozini kakhulu okanye esele zitshabalele kwinqanaba lengingqi, ngokubambisana nezinye iziphathamandla kunye namaziko akhethekileyo. Kukwacetywa ukuphuhliswa kweendlela zolawulo zokukhuthaza iindlela ezihlonipha ngakumbi ezi ntlobo.
Ukuloba nookrebe: ukunciphisa ukubanjwa okungalindelekanga kunye nokuphucula ulawulo olungaphakathi
Enye yeendawo apho isicwangciso sigxininisa kakhulu khona kubudlelwane phakathi umsebenzi wokuloba kunye nokulondolozwa kwe-elasmobranchsOlu xwebhu luyavuma ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kokunyamalala kweentlobo ezininzi zookrebe kunye nemisebe kunye nokuloba buyabonakala, nangona lukwathi le meko inokuguqulwa kancinci ukuba kusetyenziswa amanyathelo afanelekileyo.
Injongo ephambili kukuba ukunciphisa ukubanjwa ngengozi kweentlobo ezisengozini Ngokusebenzisana ngokusebenzayo necandelo lokuloba, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukuphucula ukuphathwa nokukhululwa kweesampuli eziphelela kwiinethi okanye kwiihoko. Injongo kukuba oku kukhululwa akuyi kuba "kukuvumela isilwanyana ukuba sihambe" nje kuphela, kodwa kuya kwenziwa ngokulandela izikhokelo ezisekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya zesayensi.
Isicwangciso sibandakanya ukuqeqesha abalobi abangochwephesha nabazonwabisayo ekusebenziseni izixhobo ezithile Ukukhulula ookrebe ngokukhuselekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala kakhulu ngexesha lokususwa kweehoko okanye ukususwa kwezixhobo zokuloba. Kugxininiswa ukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, indlela esiphathwa ngayo isilwanyana ingathetha umahluko phakathi kokusinda kwaso kunye nokufa okuqinisekileyo emva nje kokubuyiselwa emanzini.
Amanyathelo okuqala aquka ukukhuthaza oko Iinqanawa zokuloba kufuneka zibuyisele zonke iisampulu ze-galludito (Centrophorus uyato) elwandle.kunye nayo yonke imisebe enobunzima obungaphantsi kwekhilogram enye, echaza ngokucacileyo ukuba kufuneka ikhululwe iphila. Kwakhona, kumanyathelo okukhululwa apho kufanelekileyo, kuqukwe iintlobo ezifana ne tharker ukrebe.
Olu xwebhu lukwalindele ukuba Chonga iindawo eziselunxwemeni apho iintlanzi eziselula kunye neentlanzi ezizalelayo zihlangana khona kweentlanzi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-sharks kunye ne-rays, ngenjongo yokufunda ukuba kunokwenzeka na ukumisela imiqathango yokuloba okwethutyana ngexesha lokuzala okanye amaxesha okukhula kwabantwana abancinci. Ezi ndawo zinokuba ziindawo zokusabela zokwenyani ukuqinisekisa ukuhlaziywa kwezizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
Ulawulo lwezokuloba, ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nezibonelelo ezinokubakho
Ukongeza ekunciphiseni ukubanjwa kweentlanzi ezingalindelekanga, esi sicwangciso siquka amanyathelo ajoliswe lungisa ulawulo lokuloba ngokweemfuno zebhayoloji ze-elasmobranchsPhakathi kwazo, injongo yokuphonononga, kwaye apho kufanelekileyo, imisele ubungakanani obuncinci bokubanjiswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zookrebe kunye neerayisi ezisetyenziswayo iyabonakala.
Injongo yezi sayizi kukuba inani elikhulu labantu linokuzala ngaphambi kokuba libe sesichengeni sokubanjwaNgenxa yoku, kuya kusetyenziswa iiparameter zebhayoloji ezifana nobudala bokuvuthwa ngokwesondo, ukukhula, kunye nokuzala, ukuze imida iphendule kwiikhrayitheriya zesayensi kungekuphela nje kwizinto eziqwalaselwayo kwezorhwebo.
Isicwangciso sivula ithuba lokuba izixhobo zokuloba eziqhelekileyo, izixhobo zokuloba kunye neendawo zokusebenza, kuquka nokuba kungenzeka ukuqinisa iindawo ezivaliweyo ezikhoyo okanye ukudala ezintsha ukuba uphando luqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezithile zinobuthathaka ngakumbi kwiintlobo ze-elasmobranch.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uyilo lwe iindlela zokukhuthaza abalobi ezikhupha iisampulu ezikhuselekileyo neziphilileyo zeentlobo ezikhuselweyo. Ezi zibonelelo zinokuba ziindlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekuqatshelweni okuthile ukuya kumanyathelo oqoqosho okanye ukufikelela kwizinto ezithile ezibalulekileyo, rhoqo kusetyenziswana necandelo kunye nezinye iindlela zolawulo.
UMphathiswa ugxininisa ukuba akukho nanye kwezi zigqibo inokwenziwa ngaphandle kokubonisana necandelo lokuloba. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwecandelo ngokwalo kuthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo ukuze amanyathelo abe yinyani kwaye asebenze.ukuphepha ukudala iingxabano ezintsha nokukhuthaza uxanduva ngokubambisana ekulondolozweni koLwandle lwaseBalearic.
Uphando, ulwahlulo lwezinto eziphilayo ngokwemfuza kunye nokwandiswa kwabemi
Icandelo lesayensi lithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwisicwangciso, esigxile ukuqinisa uphando kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ukugxila kwiisharks kunye nemitha. I-Institute for Agri-food and Fisheries Research and Training (IRFAP) iya kudlala indima ephambili, ngokubambisana namanye amaziko emfundo kunye namaziko akhethekileyo.
Imigca yomsebenzi ecwangcisiweyo ibandakanya izifundo malunga ukusinda emva kokukhululwa, ukuziphatha kunye nokusasazwa zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yaseBalearic, kunye nohlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo zemfuza ezivumela uvavanyo lwemeko yabemi kunye namandla abo okuzivumelanisa notshintsho lwendalo.
Isicwangciso sikwabandakanya qhubeka kwaye wandise amava okufuya okuvalelwe zeentlobo ezisengozini yokusongelwa, ezifana ne-star swan (Scyliorhinus stellaris), kwaye uphonononge amanyathelo okuqinisa okanye ukuphinda kubuyiselwe inani lazo kwiimeko apho inani lezilwanyana zendalo linyamalele okanye likwimeko ebaluleke kakhulu kwinqanaba lengingqi.
Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo ahlala ecwangciswa kwi-a imbono ehlakaniphileyo nelungelelanisiweyoSikhumbula ukuba ukuzalisa okanye ukuphinda uvelise izilwanyana ezivalelweyo akunakuthatha indawo yolawulo oluzinzileyo lweendawo zokuhlala kunye nemisebenzi yokuloba, kodwa kufuneka kuncedise xa kukho iziqinisekiso ezaneleyo zesayensi.
Ukuqinisa uphando kuya kuvumela ukuphuculwa kwiimodeli zovavanyo lwabemi kunye nokubonelela iiseti zedatha ezipheleleyo neziqinileyoOku kuya kubangela ukuba izigqibo zolawulo ezinolwazi olungcono zilungelelaniswe nemeko etshintshayo yeNtshona yeMeditera.
Ukubeka iliso, ulawulo kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi bokuhlola
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke ezi nyathelo azihlali zizibhengezo nje, isicwangciso sinikezela icandelo elithile ukomelezwa kokubeka esweni kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithethoKuyaqondwa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwezenzo kuxhomekeke, ubukhulu becala, kulawulo olufanelekileyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kolwelo phakathi kolawulo.
Ngokuphathelele oku, kulindeleke ukuba uqeqesho oluthile lwabasebenzi bokugada nokuhlola ekuchongweni kweentlobo ezikhuselweyo ze-elasmobranchs kunye nolwazi lweenkqubo ezintsha kunye nezibophelelo ezivela kwisicwangciso.
Ukuphucula ulawulo akupheleli nje ekwandiseni inani lokuhlolwa, kodwa kujoliswe ekubeni isenzo esikhethekileyo nesihambelanayo, nto leyo ethathela ingqalelo inyani yomsebenzi wokuloba kunye nezinto eziza kuqala kulondolozo.
UMphathiswa ukwagxininisa ukubaluleka ulungelelwaniso lolawulo phakathi kwamaziko ahlukeneyo afanelekileyo kwiindawo zokuloba, ezingqongileyo zaselwandle nakwiindawo ezikhuselweyo, ukuze izigqibo zihambelane kwaye kuthintelwe ukuphindaphindwa okanye izikhewu ekusetyenzisweni kwemigaqo.
Konke oku kuyinxalenye yesibophelelo sikaRhulumente kwi- ulawulo lwanamhlanje nolusekelwe kubungqina yoLwandle lwaseBalearic, apho ukugada kungaqondwa njengesixhobo sokugweba kuphela, kodwa kwanjengesixhobo sokuxhasa eli candelo kwinkqubo yokuziqhelanisa neemfuno ezintsha zolondolozo.
Iqela leengcali zokulungelelanisa ukukhuselwa kooshaka kunye nemisebe
Umyalelo ovuma isicwangciso udibanisa Iqela leengcali malunga neeSharks kunye neeRays zeZiqithi zaseBalearic njengequmrhu elikwikholeji elinika iingcebiso, elisebenza kwiSebe lezoLimo, ezoLoba kunye neNdalo.
Eli qela liza kuquka Abameli abavela kulawulo oluhlukeneyo lukarhulumente, amaziko esayensi, amaziko olondolozo kunye necandelo lokuloba ngokwalozombini zobungcali nezolonwabo. Indima yabo iya kuba kukubonelela ngolwazi olukhethekileyo, ukucebisa ngokusetyenziswa kwemilinganiselo, kunye nokucebisa utshintsho xa iindlela zabantu okanye idatha yesayensi ibonisa oko.
KuRhulumente, ukubakho kolu lwakhiwo lokubandakanya abantu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicwangciso sihlala sisebenza kwaye siyaqhelana nobungqina obutshaU-Antoni M. Grau ngokwakhe ugxininise ukuba ubukho becandelo lokuloba kweli candelo bubalulekile ukuze amanyathelo asebenze kwaye aguqulelwe kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
UAnna Torres, kwelakhe icala, ugxininise ukuba ulondolozo lolwandle luya kusebenza kuphela ukuba lwenziwa ngokusebenzisana nemvumelwano, ingabandakanyi nje kuphela ulawulo, kodwa nabemi, imibutho yoluntu kunye namacandelo ezoqoqosho anxulumene nolwandle.
Enyanisweni, iqela leengcali liba indawo yengxoxo yobugcisa kunye necandeloapho idatha yesayensi, amava abalobi kunye neemfuno zolawulo zinokuthelekiswa khona, kwaye apho amanyathelo angxamisekileyo abekwa phambili ngokwemeko yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Xa zizonke, iSicwangciso esitsha sokuSebenza soLondolozo lwee-Elasmobranchs kwiZiqithi zaseBalearic simisela imephu yendlela enomdla yokukhusela ooshaka kunye nemisebe kwintshona yeMediteraOku kuquka ukudibanisa utshintsho kulawulo lweentlanzi, uphando olwandisiweyo, ukubekwa esweni okuphuculweyo, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba okusebenzayo ngakumbi kwabachaphazelekayo. Umngeni ngoku kukuguqula esi sikhokelo solawulo sibe ziziphumo ezibonakalayo elwandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziqithi zigcina iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwaye umsebenzi wokuloba unokuphuhliswa ngeziqinisekiso ezinkulu zozinzo lwexesha elide.
