Kutheni iintlanzi zifa kwi-aquarium kunye nendlela yokuthintela: isikhokelo esipheleleyo esinemiyalelo yokhathalelo, iiparamitha, kunye neempazamo ekufuneka uzilungise.

  • Ilawula i-chemistry yamanzi (i-ammonia, i-nitrite, i-nitrate, i-pH, ubushushu) kwaye yenza utshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwamanzi ngamanzi aqingqiweyo.
  • Gwema uxinzelelo: musa ukugqithisa, khetha iintlobo ezihambelanayo kwaye unikeze indawo yokuhlala eyaneleyo, i-oxygenation kunye ne-filtration.
  • Yidla ukutya okuncinci, okunesondlo: izahlulo ezinokutyiwa ngaphantsi komzuzu omnye, amaxesha angama-1-2 ngosuku, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
  • Zinzise imo engqongileyo: ukukhwela ibhayisekile kwangaphambili, ukugcinwa kohluzo olungenakhemikhali, ukuqhelaniswa nokuvalelwa kwentlanzi entsha.
Germán Portillo

Imizuzu ye12

Izizathu zokuba iintlanzi zife kwi-aquarium

Omnye wemibuzo emikhulu esihlala sizibuza yona kukuba kutheni iintlanzi zethu zifa xa sicinga ukuba silandela izikhokelo zokhathalelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukungazihoyi iinkcukacha ezincinci ezibangela ukufa kwabo. Umgangatho wamanzi, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo, kunye noxinzelelo Badla ngokuba ngabo bathe cwaka.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi eyona izizathu zokuba iintlanzi zife Kwaye ukuba ujonge iingcebiso zokwandisa ubomi bayo, le yiposti yakho. Ngaphandle kweziseko, uya kubona Indlela yokuphepha iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo Kubaqalayo, zeziphi iiparamitha zokulinganisa kunye zeziphi iinkqubo faka isicelo ukwenza i-aquarium yakho izinzile kwaye isempilweni.

Ukunyamekela itanki yentlanzi

Izizathu zokufa kweentlanzi

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili ngamanzi, xa siqala ukucoca itanki yeentlanzi kwaye sikhuphe iintlanzi ukuze sizibeke kwisitya esinamanzi ngokuthe ngqo kwimpompo. Iklorini kunye nekloramine Ziyonakalisa iintlanzi. Kucetyiswa ukubandakanya ipesenti ephezulu yamanzi e-aquarium axutywe nempompo encinci yamanzi ukugcina iparameters zamanzi e-aquarium kwaye, ngcono, lungisa amanzi kunye neemveliso ze-anti-chlorine ezilandela idosi yomenzi (njengesikhokelo, ezinye ii-conditioners zibonisa 5 ml ngeelitha ezingama-20).

Kufuneka silumke ngesikhongozeli apho sibeka khona iintlanzi, kufuneka sicoceke kwaye singabinabhaktheriya enokonakalisa iintlanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba itanki leentlanzi ligcinwe kakuhle, akukho mfuneko yokuba lisuswe ukuze licocekeLe nkqubo inokucinezela iintlanzi kwaye inokuba sesinye isizathu sokuba zife. Xa kunokwenzeka, coca nge utshintsho oluncinci lwamanzi ngaphandle kokuwahambisa.

Xa ucoca amacandelo e-aquarium, lumka kakhulu ungasebenzisi iimveliso zeekhemikhali. Ukuba usebenzisa isepha, zihlambulule kakuhle kakhulu, nangona zingakhuthazwa; kungcono ukusebenzisa... amanzi ashushu kunye nebrashi ukucoca onke amalungu. Ziphephe izibulali ntsholongwane ezisusa iibhaktheriya eziluncedo yesihluzo, kuba inoxanduva lokuguqula i-ammonia eyityhefu ibe yi-nitrites kwaye ibe yi-nitrate eyingozi kakhulu.

I-aquarium enabantu abaninzi kakhulu ayikhuthazwa kuba iba noxinzelelo kakhulu.Okukhona zinoxinzelelo lwentlanzi, kokukhona amathuba okuba zife. Kananjalo asinako ukuquka iintlanzi ezingekho... iyahambelana phakathi kwabo: basenokwenzakalisana, nto leyo esingayiboniyo ngamanye amaxesha, ize ekugqibeleni ibhubhe. Njengesikhokelo esikhawulezayo, umgaqo we I-1 ilitha yamanzi kwisentimitha nganye yentlanzi yabantu abadala, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubungakanani bokugqibela beentlobo.

Esinye isizathu sokuba iintlanzi zinokufa kungenxa ukutya kakhuluAkufunekanga sibatyise ngokugqithisileyo. Ingatyiwa ihlala ibola, ivelisa ammonia/nitrites kunye Basebenzisa ioksijini.ukuthoba isidima samanzi ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni iintlanzi zifa kwi-aquarium?

Ngaphandle kokucoca, khathalela ubushushu Kwaye musa ukudibanisa iintlobo zamanzi abandayo kunye neentlobo zamanzi ashushu. Intlanzi ye amanzi abandayo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi ~ 20 ºC), ezifana nefishfish yegolide, iiteleskopu okanye i-shubunkins, zinezidingo ezahlukileyo kunezo amanzi ashushu (ukusuka ~ 21 ºC), njengeeneons, guppies okanye bettas. Ukuzixuba kudla ngokukhokelela uxinzelelo olungapheliyo.

Jonga i Ubulukhuni bamanziAmanzi aqine kakhulu okanye athambileyo kakhulu awafanelekanga. Sebenzisa ikiti yovavanyo ukujonga. pH, GH, KH kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ammonia (NH3/4), nitrite (NO2-) kunye nitrate (NO3-)Faka kwaye ugcine isihluzo esifanelekileyo kumthamo we-aquarium kunye nomthwalo webhayoloji. Kwiindawo ezincinci zasemanzini (ukuya kuthi ga kwiilitha ezingama-55), isihluzo sangaphakathi esisebenzayo Ii-submersibles ziyindlela efanelekileyo; kwiiaquariums ezinobungakanani obuphakathi (90-130 ilitha), isihluzo sangaphandle Ngomthamo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo, uzinzo luyanda.

Izityalo zasemanzini kunye ne-aquarium oxygenation

Malunga ne utshintsho lwamanziEsona sikhokelo sikhuselekileyo kukutshintsha phakathi I-20% kunye ne-30% ngevekiKwiindawo ezihlala emanzini azinze kakhulu ezinomthamo wamanzi aphantsi kunye nokuhluzwa okulungileyo, abanye abantu banciphisa ukuphindaphindwa kokutshintsha kwamanzi (umzekelo, i-10% rhoqo kwiiveki ezintathu), kodwa ukujonga ii-nitrate kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwii-aquariums ngaphandle kwesihluzi, utshintsho lwamanzi kufuneka lube ngevekiUngaze ukhuphe yonke i-aquarium ngaphandle kwemeko kaxakeka.

Izizathu eziphambili zokufa kweentlanzi

i-aquarium eneentlanzi

Sakuba sihlalutye ukhathalelo olwahlukileyo okufuneka uluthathe kwitanki yakho yeentlanzi ukuze uqinisekise ucoceko olululo, makhe sijonge ezona zizathu zibangela ukuba iintlanzi zife. Phakathi kwezona zizathu ziphambili zokufa kwiintlanzi ze-aquarium... uxinzelelo kunye izifoEzi ntlanzi zibuthathaka kwaye zihlala zigula ngenxa yoxinzelelo olufumanayo. Kulindeleke ukuba, xa sele behlala kwindawo evalelweyo kwaye zihlala zisesichengeni sezinye iintlobo, Akufunekanga ibe yindawo elula. ukwenzela bona.

Kwindalo iintlanzi ziyakwazi ukuzimela, ukuzula, ukujoyina ezinye iintlanzi, ukukhuselana, ukukhangela ukutya, njl. Ngendlela yokuba baqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo kwinkqubo yendalo enobukhulu obukhulu kubo. Nangona kunjalo, xa bekwi-aquarium indawo yabo yokuhlala incinci. Konke oku kuba mandundu ukuba babelana ngeendawo zokuhlala kunye nezinye iintlobo zemimandla..

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo Izinto ekufuneka uzilawule zezi:

  • Umgangatho wamanzi onganelangaAmanqanaba aphezulu e-ammonia, i-nitrites, kunye ne-nitrate yonakalisa i-gill kunye ne-immune system. Ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwe-pH okanye ubushushu bubangela iingozi enokubulala.
  • Ukungabikho kweoksijiniUkunyuka kwabemi, ukungahambi kakuhle kwegazi, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezigqithisileyo zinciphisa ioksijini enyibilikileyo.
  • isondlo esingafanelekangaUkutya ngokugqithisileyo kuthoba amanzi; izidlo ezingalunganga zibangela ukunqongophala kwezondlo kunye neengxaki zokwetyisa.
  • Uxinzelelo ngenxa yokungahambelani okanye indawo engonelangaIintlanzi ezinobundlongondlongo ezinoxolo, umxube weentlobo ezineemfuno ezahlukeneyo, okanye ii-aquariums ezincinci.
  • Izifo usulelo lomngundo, ibhaktiriya okanye i-parasitic, ethandwa ngumgangatho ophantsi wamanzi kunye noxinzelelo.
  • Iikhemikhali / iintsimbi ezinzimaAmanzi etephu angacocwanga okanye izicoci ezisetyenziswa kufutshane ne-aquarium.

Ukuba uthenga intlanzi evenkileni, into yokuqala onokuyenza kukunikela ingqalelo kwezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonisa ukuba intlanzi igxininisekile okanye iyagula. Ezi mpawu ziquka oku kulandelayo:

  • Iintlanzi zakho ziyakhula amachaphaza amhlophe eluswini.
  • Las amaphiko entlanzi aqalisa ukunamathelana (iiphiko ezibotshiweyo).
  • I-aquarium imdaka kwaye ayizigcini iimeko zococeko.
  • Iintlanzi zihamba kancinci kakhulu.
  • Intlanzi iqala qubha kwicala lakho.
  • Ungayifumana intlanzi edada phezulu.

Ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kuyacaca ukuba ezi zilwanyana zinestres okanye ziyagula. Kufuneka uchonge ukuba ngowuphi umntu ochaphazeleka kakhulu okanye okuphela kwakhe ochaphazelekayo, kwaye mvalele yedwaQaphela, uphathe ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye iphucula iiparamitha kweyona aquarium iphambili.

Ukunciphisa imingcipheko, jikeleza i-aquarium Ngaphambi kokwazisa intlanzi, iseka iibhaktheriya eziluncedo eziguqula inkunkuma enetyhefu ibe yimichiza eyingozi kakhulu. Iyabonelela ukutya okunesondloNjengereferensi ngokubanzi, ibonelela ngezinto abazisebenzisayo ngaphantsi komzuzu omnyeAmaxesha ama-1-2 ngosuku, kwaye kumaqela amancinci ungabhekisela kuwo 1-2 grams ngeentlanzi ezi-5 (ukulungelelanisa ngokweentlobo/ubungakanani). Khetha ukutya okusemgangathweni kwaye utshintshe phakathi komisiweyo kunye nokutsha, umzekelo. Iiflake zeTetraMin y Tetra FreshDelica Artemia, kunye nemifuno e-blanched yeentlobo ze-herbivorous.

Iintlanzi zasemanzini e-aquarium

Gcina ukuhambelana: kunqanda ukuxuba ukubheja nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinde okanye iinkunzi zohlobo lwazo; i escalare/ingelosi Bangommandla njengabantu abadala kwaye banokudla iintlanzi ezincinci; intlanzi mfondini Kwaye ezinye iintlanzi zaselwandle akufuneki zixutywe neentlanzi zamanzi acwengileyo, ukongeza kwiiyantlukwano zazo zokuziphatha. Kwanaphakathi kweentlanzi eziseluxolweni zikho umahluko ekutyeniIiteleskopu zitya ngokucothayo, intlanzi yegolide/icomets itya ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokushiya ezo zicothayo zingatyanga.

Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwentlanzi

Yandisa ubomi beentlanzi

Olunye umqondiso ophambili wokuba iintlanzi ziyagula okanye zinoxinzelelo kukuzingqubana kwazo. Ukuba kukho enye Ingqokelela yabantu Kwi-aquarium, iintlanzi zikholisa ukungqubana enye kwenye ngenxa yokuba zikwindawo ephezulu. Oku kwandisa amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwabo, kubangele ukuba bangqubane rhoqo kwaye banokwenzakalisana.

Esi sisalathiso esinokubakho kwi-aquarium mhlawumbi ayinkulwanga ngokwaneleyo okanye sineentlanzi ezingaphezu kokuba sinokuzigcinaNjengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, lumka kakhulu xa ucoca kwaye utshintsha amanzi. Xa utshintsha amanzi e-aquarium, iintlanzi zidla ngokuxinana kwiibhakethi okanye kwiindawo ezincinci kakhulu. Kuphephe ukuvumela le meko ukuba ihlale ixesha elide, njengoko uxinzelelo kunye nokungquzulana phakathi kweentlanzi kunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo.

Kukwakho nezo zinovakalelo kakhulu. Nangona zizizilwanyana ezimangalisayo, Bathanda ukuba nobuntununtunu kutshintsho lwemo engqongileyoMhlawumbi uye wazibona iimpawu kwiivenkile zezilwanyana ezithi "musa ukubethela iglasi" okanye "akukho foto ye-flash." Kuya kufuneka ulandele imithetho efanayo kwi-aquarium yakho yasekhaya. Zizilwanyana ezibuthathaka kwaye ezibukhali; ukubetha iglasi okanye ukwenza ingxolo enkulu kuya kubangela ukuba batsibe ngaphandle kwetanki yakho. Ayinanzuzo kwimpilo yakhoEbusuku, cima izibane: iintlanzi azivali amehlo, kodwa bayaphumla kwaye bafuna ifotoperiod ezinzileyo.

Eminye imiqondiso elumkisayo: ukuvaleka komphezulu okuqhubekayo (i-hypoxia enokwenzeka okanye i-nitrites ephezulu), ukuqubha okungaqhelekangaUkugungxuza, amaphiko asongekileyo, nokungathandi kutya kukwangumqondiso wokuba intlanzi ixinezelekile. Ukuba i-gasps ebusweni kwi-aquarium, umzekelo, iilitha ezingama-60 ngeeveki ngeepesenti ezingama-30 zotshintsho lwamanzi, jonga ngokukhawuleza amanqanaba e-ammonia kunye ne-nitrite; ukwandisa i ukungenisa umoya (qondisa indawo yokucoca ukuhambisa umphezulu okanye ukongeza i-aerator), ukunciphisa ukutya kunye nokwenza a 20-30% utshintsho lwamanzi Sebenzisa amanzi alungiselelwe kwiqondo lobushushu elifanayo. Jonga ukuba isihluzo sisebenza kakuhle kwaye uphephe ukucoca ngokugqithisileyo isihluzo sebhayoloji yeendaba.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani intlanzi kwi-aquarium?

Khumbula ukuba ubude bokuphila kunye nokukhula kuxhomekeke indawo yokuhlalaKwiindawo eziphangaleleyo nezizinzileyo, iintlanzi zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zikhula ngcono; kwiindawo ezincinci, ezixineneyo kwi-aquariums, ukukhula kwazo kunye nexesha lokuphila liyancitshiswa. Faka ikhusi (izityalo zendalo, imiqolomba, izigodo) ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Iingcebiso zokwandisa ubomi beentlanzi

Siza kukunika iingcebiso zokunceda intlanzi yakho ibe ne ubomi obude:

  • Yiphathe ngobunono intlanzi. Xa ufuna ukutshintsha amanzi kwitanki yeentlanzi, zama ukugcina eli xesha lifutshane kangangoko.
  • Ukuba unentlanzi entsha, musa ukuzazisa zonke ngaxeshanye.I-Aclimate: Faka ibhegi imizuzu embalwa ukulinganisa ubushushu kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe wongeze amanzi e-aquarium engxoweni (umzekelo, amaxesha amathathu ngemizuzu emihlanu) ngaphambi kokuba uwakhulule. ukuhlala yedwa Ukujonga kwangaphambili kuyacetyiswa kakhulu.
  • Ukuba uhlala uneendwendwe endlwini yakho, kungcono ukuba kuphephe ukubetha iglasi ukusuka kwi-aquarium okanye wenze ingxolo eninzi kakhulu.
  • Ayikhuthazwa ukubatyisa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba inqanaba le-ammonia liyanda kwaye iibhaktheriya ezininzi zibonakala emanzini. Bayeke batye yonke into ngaphakathi ngaphantsi komzuzu omnye1-2 amaxesha ngosuku. Ukuba usebenzise kakhulu, susa okugqithisileyo ngenethi.
  • Akukhuthazwa ukugcina iintlanzi ezingahambelani kunye ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium efanayo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuziphatha kohlobo ngalunye: ziphephe i-bettas kunye neentlanzi zexesha elide, musa ukuxuba iintlanzi zamanzi abandayo kunye neentlanzi zamanzi afudumeleyo, kwaye ujonge ukuhlaselwa kweentlobo zemimandla efana ne-angelfish njengoko zikhula.
  • Kunika umdla ukubona zonke iinkcukacha zamanzi kunye nobushushuQwalasela isixa semitha yemitha, inqanaba le-oxygen, njl.njl., leyo intlanzi oza kuyingenisa kwimfuno ye-aquarium. Gcina i-pH izinzile kwaye ubeke iliso kwi-GH / KH.
  • Ukuhlobisa i-aquarium, Tyala kumgangatho kunye nokhuseleko: ziphephe izinto ezibukhali okanye iipeyinti ezingafanelekanga.
  • Biyela i-aquarium Ngaphambi kokufaka intlanzi, musa ukucoca kakhulu isihluzo. Iintsholongwane zibubomiBenza i-ammonia kunye ne-nitrites. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amanzi adibeneyo njengomthombo kuphela; ibonelela ngeeminerali ngokweentlobo.
  • Ukutshintsha kwamanzi rhoqo: ngokubanzi, i-20-30% ngeveki ngamanzi umoya-moya Ubushushu sele bufana. Kwiindawo ezihlala emanzini ezizinzileyo, zinokuncitshiswa, kodwa oku kufuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwenitrate.
  • Imiqathango yamanzi etephuSebenzisa i-antichlorine/antichloramine. Njengomzekelo wedosi eqhelekileyo, 5 ml nge 20 Lsoloko ulandela ileyibhile yemveliso.
  • Ukuphucula i-oxygenation kunye nokujikeleza: Yalathisa indawo yokucoca ukuhambisa umphezulu; yongeza i-aerator ukuba kukho ukugqithiswa kwabantu, ubushushu okanye umthwalo ophezulu we-organic.
  • Ihluzwe ngokwe Ngokumalunga nomthamo: kwiitanki ezincinci, isihluzo sangaphakathi sangaphakathi siyasebenza; kumatanki aphakathi, isihluzo sangaphandle esinomthwalo omhle webhayoloji sinika ukuguquguquka nokuzinza. Lungisa isantya sokuqubha ukunqanda uxinzelelo lweentlobo eziqubha kancinci.
  • Ukukhanyisa ngephotoperiod ezinzileyoUkukhanya kwemini, ubumnyama ebusuku; nabo bafuna ukuphumla.
  • Ukutya okwahlukeneyo kunye nomgangatho olungileyo: ezinye iiflakes / iipellets ezinokutya okufriziwe okanye iijeli (umzekelo, Iiflake zeTetraMin o Tetra FreshDelica Artemiakwaye ulungelelanise izabelo kwiintlobo. Iqhinga eliluncedo kukusebenzisa i umlinganiselo wamehlo yentlanzi njengesalathiso esiqikelelweyo ngokudubula.
  • esweni I-aquarium: jonga indlela yokuziphatha yonke imihla; kuphawu lokuqala lokugula, thatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqwalasele isibhedlele / ukuvalelwa.
  • Susa intlanzi efileyo ngoko nangokoZiphephe i-ammonia spikes ekuboleni; zilahlwe ngokwemigaqo yasekuhlaleni.

Indlela yokwandisa ubomi beentlanzi

Ukucokisa nangakumbi, phanda ukuhambelana yemisila kunye nezimbo zokuqubha: intlanzi ye umsila kabini njengoko iiteleskopu zidada kancinci kwaye zinokuba noxinzelelo kunye namaqabane anomsila omnye osebenzayo (iikayiti(i-carp eqhelekileyo). Kwakhona kuphephe ukuxuba iintlobo zeentlobo zokutya ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ukuba awukwazi ukubeka esweni ukuba zitye zonke.

Ukuba ujonge iingcebiso ezithile zokuhluza, kwii-aquarium ezincinci (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-55 L) oku kulandelayo kusebenza kakuhle: izihluzi zangaphakathi ezintywilayo ngenxa yokuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunye nokugcinwa kwayo; kwii-aquariums ze-90-130 L, a isihluzo sangaphandle Ukusebenzisa umthamo omkhulu wezinto zebhayoloji yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokugcina amanzi azinzile. Qinisekisa ukuba ulungelelanise izinga lokuhamba ukuze amanzi adlule kwizinto ezinexesha elaneleyo loqhagamshelwano.

Okokugqibela, khumbula ukuba utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lutshaba lwe-aquarium. Ngena kumkhwa we ngcamla amanzi (NH3/NH4, NO2, NO3, pH, ubushushu) urekhoda amaxabiso rhoqo, kwaye usebenzise uhlengahlengiso ngokuthe ngcembe. Ibandakanya izityalo zendalo Ukuba kunokwenzeka: ngaphezu kokubonelela indawo yokuhlala, banceda ukuzinzisa i-nitrate kunye nokuphucula i-oxygenation ngexesha lefoto.

Ukunyamekela iintlanzi kulula xa uqonda ukuba i-aquarium yi i-ikhosistimUzinzo, ukuhambelana, kunye neendlela eziqikelelwayo zingundoqo. Ukuba unciphisa uxinzelelo, gcina iiparitha ezifanelekileyo zamanzi, ukondla ngokulinganayo, kwaye ukhethe ukuhluzwa okufanelekileyo, intlanzi yakho iya kuphumelela. ngakumbi nangcono.

Ukukhathalela i-Swordtail Xipho Intlanzi kwi-Aquarium
Inqaku eliyeleleneyo:
Eyona ntlanzi ilungileyo ye-aquarium yamanzi: iintlobo, ukuhambelana, kunye nokhathalelo olubalulekileyo

Yongeza njengomthombo okhethwayo kuGoogle