I-National Institute for Fisheries Research and Development (INIDEP) iqalise iphulo elitsha lesayensi elijolise kwiintlanzi ezinkulu ze-pelagic kwi isikolo se-amberjackLe ndawo ibe yindlela yokulinganisa uphando lwezi zixhobo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Eli phulo liqhubeka nomsebenzi osele usasazeke kwiinguqulelo ezininzi kwaye lifuna ukuqinisa ulwazi olufumanekayo malunga neentlobo eziphambili zendalo yolwandle kumzantsi-ntshona weAtlantiki.
Uhambo luyaqhubeka ngaphakathi kwinqanawa yoPhando lwezokuloba i-Oceanographic (BIP) yoLwandle lwase-ArgentinaIqonga elenzelwe ngokukodwa olu hlobo lomsebenzi elwandle oluvulekileyo. Ukusuka apho, iqela leengcali ezivela kwiPelagic Fish Fisheries Research Program lisebenzisa iseti yeendlela zokuthatha iisampulu kunye nohlalutyo lwebhayoloji ngenjongo yokuqonda ngcono imeko yabemi abanjenge-anchovy, i-amberjack, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-tuna.
Inqanaba elitsha ekufundeni iintlanzi ezinkulu ze-pelagic
Le projekthi iqhubekayo ngoku yinxalenye uthotho lweephulo zesayensi ezilandelelanayo kwi-amberjack shoeyenzelwe ukulandelela ukuvela kwenani labantu de peces Iintlobo zeentlanzi ezinkulu ze-pelagic ngokuhamba kwexesha. Olu qhubekeko luvumela ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo phakathi kweminyaka kunye nokuchongwa kotshintsho kubukho, ukusasazwa, kunye nolwakhiwo lweentlobo ezikule ndawo.
Ngeli xesha, iphulo liphinde lagxila Amaqela amathathu anomdla omkhulu wokuloba kunye nendalo: i-anchovy, i-amberjack, kunye ne-tunaZonke zihamba kakhulu emanzini avulekileyo, kude nonxweme, kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluhlu lokutya lwaselwandle, zombini njengezilwanyana ezincinci kunye namaxhoba eentlobo ezinkulu.
Indawo yokusebenza ikwindawo ebizwa ngokuba sisikolo se-amberjackLe ndawo ifumene udumo ngenxa yobutyebi bayo bezinto eziphilayo kunye nomdla okhulayo wesayensi nokuloba. Apho, abaphandi basebenzisa iimpawu zolwandle zasekuhlaleni ukuze bafunde indlela ezi ntlobo zeentlanzi ezizidibanisa ngayo nezisasaza ngayo ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nobushushu bamanzi, ukufumaneka kokutya, kunye nemisinga yolwandle.
Ngenxa yokuba yindawo ejongene nokutshintsha kwemozulu, inqanawa Ilungisa indawo yayo ngokusekelwe kwiingxelo zomoya namaza.Ngamanye amaxesha, inqanawa iye yanyanzeleka ukuba iye kwiindawo ezinzulu, njengeSamborombón Bay, ukuze ikhuseleke kwimimoya enamandla esemazantsi-ntshona enokudlula amaqhina angama-30 kwindawo ephambili yokusebenza.
Iindlela zokubamba kunye nokuthatha isampuli kwi-amberjack shoe
Ukuze kuqokelelwe ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga naba bantu, iqela lezenzululwazi lisebenzisa indibaniselwano yeendlela zokuloba kunye neesampuli Ezi ndlela zivumela ukufumana idatha emeleyo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo. Icebo eliphambili libandakanya ukulungelelanisa indlela nganye ukuze ihambelane nokuziphatha kunye nendawo yokuhlala yeentlanzi ezinkulu ze-pelagic.
Phakathi kwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezi zilandelayo zibalaseleyo: ubuchule bokujija nokutrolaUkujiga kuquka ukusebenzisa izinto zokutsala ezihamba ngokuthe nkqo emanzini, ukulinganisa indlela eziziphatha ngayo izilwanyana kwaye kube lula ukubamba iintlobo ezitya kubunzulu obahlukeneyo. Kwelinye icala, ukutyibiliza kuqulathe ukurhuqa izinto zokutsala okanye imigca yokuloba ngasemva kwenqanawa ehambayo, okuvumela ukugubungela iindawo ezinkulu kunye nendawo apho amaqela eentlanzi ezihamba phezu kwamanzi okanye phakathi kwamanzi.
Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zikhethiweyo, iphulo libandakanya ukuloba ngenethi phakathi kwamanziOlu hlobo lwezixhobo lufakwa kwindawo yomhlathi wamanzi apho iintlanzi ze-pelagic zihlangana khona, ngaphandle kokufikelela ezantsi, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa impembelelo kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Ngenxa yolu dibaniso, abaphandi banokufikelela kwiisampuli zobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezihamba kubunzulu obahlukeneyo.
Injongo ayikuko ukubamba ngokwako kodwa kukubamba ukufumana iisampulu zebhayoloji ezirekhodwe ngononopheloI-cast nganye, nokuba inezixhobo zemidlalo zokuloba ezilungisiweyo okanye ineenethi zesayensi, ihamba kunye nokuqokelelwa kwedatha kwindawo, ixesha, iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nokwakheka kweentlanzi ezibanjiweyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ubukho beentlanzi buhambelane nokusingqongileyo okubonakalayo nokwebhayoloji.
Uhlalutyo lwebhayoloji: ukondla, ukuzala kunye nokukhula
Nje ukuba ukubanjwa kufikelele esiphelweni, elinye inqanaba eliphambili lomsebenzi liyaqala: ukucutshungulwa kunye nohlalutyo lweesampuliKule nqanaba, abaphandi bagxila kuthotho lwamalungu kunye nezicubu ezibonelela ngolwazi oluphambili malunga nebhayoloji yohlobo olufundwayo.
Ukuze kwenziwe oku, kuthathwa la manyathelo alandelayo: ukukhupha izisu, ii-gonads kunye neesampuli zemisipha yemizekelo ekhethiweyo. Okuqulethwe sisisu kusenza sikwazi ukumisela uhlobo lwesilwanyana abasitya rhoqo, indlela ukutya kwabo okwahluka ngayo ngokobukhulu bentlanzi okanye ixesha lonyaka, kunye nendawo abafaneleka kuyo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokutya kwenkqubo yendalo.
Iigonads (izitho zokuzala) zibonelela ngeenkcukacha malunga imeko yokuvuthwa ngokwesondo, amaxesha okuzala, kunye necebo lokuzala yohlobo ngalunye. Ukuhlalutya ezi nkalo kunceda ekuchongeni amaxesha onyaka apho iintlanzi zizala khona ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu nolubalulekileyo lokuchaza amanyathelo olawulo athintela ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo ngamaxesha abalulekileyo kumjikelo wobomi.
Iisampulu zemisipha, okwangoku, zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlalutyo, ukusuka kwizifundo zokukhula ukuya kwizakhiwo zangaphakathi ukuya kumsebenzi ophucukileyo onokubandakanya iimpawu ze-biochemical okanye ze-genetic. Konke oku kudityaniswe kwi indlela edibeneyo yohlalutyo lwe-population dynamicsokungaphelelanga ekubaleni abantu ngabanye kuphela, kodwa kufuna ukuqonda indlela ezi ntlanga ezitshintsha ngayo nezizihlela ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukubaluleka kwala maphulo olawulo lwezokuloba
Ngaphandle kwenkalo yesayensi kuphela, injongo yale mikhankaso ukwakha isiseko solwazi esiqinileyo solawulo oluzinzileyo lwezixhobo zokulobaUkwazi ubuninzi beenkomo, ukwakheka kweminyaka, iindlela zokutya, kunye namaxesha okuzala kuvumela uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwemeko yoluntu.
Isikolo se-amberjack okwangoku siqwalaselwa ilebhu yendalo yokuqonda indlela eziziphatha ngayo iintlanzi ezinkulu ze-pelagic kumzantsi-ntshona weAtlantiki. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kule ndawo zingasebenza njengesalathiso kwezinye iindawo ezineempawu ezifanayo, kokubini kwimeko-bume yengingqi nakwezinye iindawo zolwandle.
Ulwazi oluveliswe yi-INIDEP kunye neNkqubo yayo yoPhando lwezokuLoba iiNtlanzi zasePelagic kamva lufakwa kwi iimodeli zokuvavanya ixabiso lesitokhwe sele iingcebiso zolawuloEzi ziphumo zixhasa amagunya anoxanduva lokuchaza imigaqo-nkqubo yolondolozo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokunenkathalo. Ngale ndlela, imisebenzi yesayensi kwiinqanawa kuLwandle lwaseArgentina iguqulela, ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwizixhobo ezicacileyo zokwenza izigqibo.
Kwimeko apho ukwahluka kokusingqongileyo kunye noxinzelelo lokuloba Ekubeni iinkqubo zemvelo zaselwandle zinokuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza, ukuba nedatha ehlaziyiweyo kunye nochungechunge lwexesha olude kuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Olu luhlu lwezifundo kwi-amberjack shoe lunegalelo ngokuchanekileyo kolu hlolo oluqhubekayo, olubalulekileyo ekulindeni utshintsho kunye nokulungelelanisa amaqhinga olawulo xa kuyimfuneko.
Ngokubanzi, la maphulo akhuthazwa yi-INIDEP abonisa indima ephambili yophando lwezolwandle kunye nezokuloba ekuqondeni izixhobo zaselwandle kumzantsi-ntshona weAtlantiki. Ngokusebenzisa amaphulo aphindaphindwayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngeendlela ezidibeneyo kunye nohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwebhayoloji yeentlobo zezilwanyana ezifana ne-amberjack, i-anchovy kunye ne-tuna, imephu epheleleyo ngakumbi iyalukwa malunga nendlela ezi ntlobo zezilwanyana ezisebenza ngayo kunye nezinto ezichaphazela ukuguquka kwazo, into ephambili ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokunenkathalo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo ixesha elide.