I-Meditera yaseSpain ibona utshintsho oluphawulekayo ekubunjweni kweentlobo zayo zaselwandle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi abavela kwiMalaga Oceanographic Centre (IEO-CSIC) babhale indlela Iintlanzi zaseTropiki ezingazange zikwazi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kula manzi Ngokuthe ngcembe ziya zimiselwa, ngakumbi kuLwandle lweAlboran nakwiStrait of Gibraltar. Lo mcimbi, othi uninzi ufane neendawo zeCaribbean, unxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo nokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokunyuka okuthe gqolo kobushushu bolwandle.
Ukufika kwezi ntlobo aziyonto ingaqhelekanga okanye imeko yethutyana. Ubungqina obuqokelelwe ngamaqela enzululwazi bubonisa ukuba yinkqubo eqhubekayo nenabileyo. ukuphakamisa inkxalabo phakathi kweengcali malunga nefuthe layo kwizinto eziphilayo zendalo kunye notshintsho olunokubakho kwi-ikholoji olunokuthi lube nomphumela wolu tshintsho kwibhalansi.
Ukunyuka kweentlobo zetropiki kunye nezinto eziphambili
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje luchonge Iirekhodi ezintsha ezingama-25 de peces kumanzi aseSpain eMeditera, apho i-23 ihambelana iintlobo zetropikhi ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili kulo mmandla. Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo obukhethwa zezi ntlanzi bungaphezulu kwe-6 ngokukaCelsius ngaphezulu kunolo lweentlobo zesiqhelo., inani elihambelana nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu akulo mmandla. Ukuqonda ngcono olu tshintsho, ungabonisana Leliphi elona qondo lobushushu lifanelekileyo kwiintlanzi zetropikhi?.
Phakathi kweentlobo ezifunyenweyo zi i-lionfish (i-Pterois miles), ephuma kuLwandle lwaseIndiya noLwandle oluBomvu kwaye idume ngokuba nemiqolo enetyhefu; Ukrebe womnenga (Rhincodon typus), ubukho bakhe budla ngokudityaniswa nencopho yobushushu; kunye nezinye iintlanzi zasetropiki ezifana Cephalopholis taeniops, Paranthias furcifer y IiLobhothi zaseSurinamese, ixhaphake kumanzi aseAtlantiki naseAfrika. Kwakhona, iintlanzi ezincinci ezingaqhelekanga kwindawo, ezifana Buenia massutii, Gobius incognitus okanye iGrammonus ater, zifunyenwe ngenxa yeerekhodi ezintsha kunye neenguqu zendalo.
Isenzeko se-tropicalization yi uninzi lwabatyholwa eAlboran, apho ulwandle ludibanisa ngokuthe ngqo neAtlantiki kunye nemisinga iququzelela ukufika kweentlobo ezingaqhelekanga. Kwakhona, i uxinzelelo lomntu kwindawo, ethatyathwe kukuxinana kwezithuthi zaselwandle kunye nokhenketho, ifak’ isandla ekubeni lo mmandla ube sesichengeni ekuhlaselweni kwezidalwa ezintsha.
Ukungalingani ngokwejografi kwitropiki
Le nkqubo yotshintsho ayichaphazeli lonke unxweme lweMeditera ngendlela efanayo. Umda weLevantine-Balearic, umzekelo, awubonisi naziphi na iimpawu zesi siganeko., ngoxa iAlboran kunye neStrait of Gibraltar ziyimimandla echaphazelekayo. Umahluko ulele kwi ukuntsonkotha kolwandle ukusuka emazantsi, ukusondela kwayo kwiAtlantiki kunye nokuvezwa okukhulu kwimiba ye-anthropogenic, okwenza lo mmandla ube yimbindi yophononongo lweziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu elwandle.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba Ngaphezulu kwe-36% yeentlobo ezintsha ezirekhodiweyo e-Alboran zinxulumene nokukhula kwetropiki, inani elibalulekileyo elalatha kwinguqu ekhawulezileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo.
Iziphumo zendalo kunye nokubeka iliso okuyimfuneko
ukufuduswa de peces abantu bomthonyama nge iintlobo zetropiki Inokuguqula ikhonkco lokutya kwaye ivelise ukungalingani kwi-ikhosistim yonxweme. Utshintsho kwi-webs yokutya kunokukhokelela kwilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokwenza iindawo zokuhlala zaselwandle zibe sesichengeni ngakumbi kutshintsho lwemo engqongileyo kwixesha elizayo okanye uhlaselo lwebhayoloji. Ukuqonda nzulu ukuba olu tshintsho luyichaphazela njani imixokomelwano yendalo, bona Iintlanzi kunye nendima yazo kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Ukongeza, ukwandiswa kwe-extension kuchongiwe i-macroalgae ehlaselayo njengeRugulopteryx okamurae, okwandisa uxinzelelo lwendalo kwingingqi kunye nokutshintsha ngakumbi ukusebenzisana phakathi kweentlobo ezikhoyo.
Ukujongana nale nyaniso, ababhali bezifundo bagxininisa ukubaluleka qhubeleka nokubeka iliso kwizinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo kunye nokuyila izicwangciso zolondolozo eziguqukayo ezithathela ingqalelo zombini iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nezo ziveliswa ngumsebenzi wabantu. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokukhathalela ii-aquariums kunye neentlobo ezihlala kuzo, nceda uqhagamshelane ukuzala de peces iindawo ezitshisayo kwiindawo ezihlala emanzini.
Ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kwetropiki kwiMeditera kubangela umngeni ongxamisekileyo kulawulo lwenkqubo yendalo. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko enzululwazi kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yolondolozo elungelelaniswe kolu tshintsho luyimfuneko ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso lwaselwandle kunye nokwahlukana kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
