Xa sineentlanzi kwi-aquarium, ukuba sixuba imizekelo yamadoda nabasetyhini yohlobo olufanayo, kungekudala okanye kamva baya kugqiba ukukhwelana. Ekuthinjweni, impumelelo yokukhwelana kunye nokuzala Kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye nangaphezulu indlela i-aquarium ehlelwe ngayo (iiparamitha zamanzi, iindawo zokuhlala, ukuhlalisana, ukutya). Kukho iindlela ezininzi zoku Ukukhwelana kweentlanzi kwi-aquarium Ukuziqonda kuvumela ukucwangcisa, ukuphepha iingxabano, kunye nokunyusa izinga lokusinda kwefry.
Kweli nqaku, sikuxelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhwela iintlanzi kwi-aquarium kunye neempawu zazo, kunye ukuziphatha ukuthandana, territorialityIindlela ezisebenzayo ngeentlobo kunye nophononongo lwe ubuchule bendalo, obungangemi-artificial kunye ne-artificial reproduction esetyenziswa kwiaquaculture.
Iintlobo zokukhwelana kweentlanzi kwi-aquarium
Umahluko ophambili kwiintlanzi kukuba ukuchumisa kwenzeka ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle emzimbeni webhinqa. Sifumana i-oviparous, i-viviparous, i-ovoviviparous, kunye neentlobo ze-hermaphroditic. Apha ngezantsi kukho amagqabantshintshi ngeengcebiso ezisebenzayo kwii-aquariums kunye nemizekelo.
- Intlanzi ye-Oviparous: Benza uninzi lweentlobo. Bane ukuchumisa kwangaphandleImazi ibeka amaqanda kunye nenkunzi Idlozi liyasasazeka emanziniAmaqanda asenokutshona ezantsi, abambelele ematyeni/amagqabi, okanye adada. Kwi-aquarium, baya kusebenzisa imiqolomba, amagqabi abanzi, i-driftwood, okanye ezinye izinto zokuhombisa. Bobabini abazali banokuba ngummandla kunye neentlobo ezithile Bajongana nokubekwa, ukukhupha umoya wamaqanda okanye ukuwakhusela kubahlaseli.
- Intlanzi eViviparous: ngoku ukuchumisa kwangaphakathiInkunzi idlulisela amadlozi kwimazi, yona feat kwi fry kunye namaqanda asele enziwe. Ixhaphakile kwiintlanzi zasemanzini ze-ovoviviparous zakudala ezithathwa ngokuba ngabaphili kwindawo yokuzonwabisa (ezifana ne-guppies, iipleyiti okanye i-swordtails, i-ovoviviparous ngobuchule kwiimeko ezininzi) kunye nakwii-sharks ezahlukeneyo zaselwandle.
- Intlanzi ye-Ovoviviparous: ukuchumisa kwangaphakathi; emva kokukhwela imazi igcina amaqanda ngaphakathi. Abancinci batya kakhulu kwi-yolk yeqanda kwaye, xa beqandusela ngaphakathi, bazalwa bephilaIqhelekile kwabaninzi iipoeciliids ze-aquarium nangaphakathi ookrebe kunye nemitha.
- Intlanzi yeHermaphroditic: Banamalungu okuzala azo zombini izini. Eyona ixhaphakileyo yi ulandelelwano hermaphroditismBatshintsha isondo ngexesha lokukhula kwabo (proterogynous: imazi ukuya kwindoda, njenge-wrasses kunye ne-parrotfish; i-protandrous: indoda ukuya kwibhinqa, njenge-clownfish kunye ne-gilthead seabream). Kukho kwakhona iihermaphrodites ngaxeshanye (njengezinye iiserrani) ezinokusebenza njengendoda okanye ibhinqa ngexesha lokubeka iqanda. Lo mcimbi uneempembelelo ezithe ngqo kwi Ukwakhiwa kweeharem kunye nemigangatho kwiindawo ezihlala emanzini.
Iindlela zokukhwela iintlanzi kwi-aquarium
Ukufakwa kweqanda
Indlela eqhelekileyo yokukhwelana ibekwe kwi-substrateIimazi zibeka amaqanda azo emazantsi okanye emagqabini/amatye, ize indoda iwachumise. Kwiintlobo ezininzi bobabini abazali bayakhusela Zibeka amaqanda azo, ziwafake umoya, zize zihlasele abangeneleli. Carpines kunye nezinye iicyprinids Bangabeka amawaka amaqanda, kodwa Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana inkathalo yabazali.; abanye Zitya amaqanda okanye ziqhotse. ukuba bahlala kunye.
Ukuba intlanzi yakho ibeka amaqanda, qwalasela hambisa isibini kwi a ukuzala okanye i-aquarium ethile yokubeka. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo, i Ukutya abantu kunye neengxabano zemimandla. Ukuchonga abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye lungisa iindawo zokuhlala (izityalo ezinamagqabi amancinane, imiqolomba, amatye asicaba) kwandisa izinga lempumelelo.
Ukudala indlwane
Ezinye iintlobo zenza iindlwane zamaqamza okanye baphinda balungise igrabile namatye ukuze bakhe indlwane abaza kuzalela kuyo amaqanda. Indoda ngokuqhelekileyo chumisa kwaye ukhusele ukuyilungisa nokuyifaka umoya. Ukukhuthaza oku, bonelela izityalo ezidadayo, amagqabi omisiweyo kunye neendawo ezithuleyo ngaphandle kwangoku. Ubume bendawo enezigqubuthelo kunye neendawo ze-ankile Inceda indlwane ihlale izinzile.
Ukufakelwa komlomo
Kwiintlobo zomlomo, emva kokuzala imazi (kwaye kwezinye iimeko indoda) iqokelela amaqanda emlonyeni uwakhusele ade aqandusele. Ngeli xesha Ayondli, njalo ukuphazamiseka okuncinci Amatanki anoxolo ayimfuneko. Kuphephe ukuzigcina neentlanzi ukuba ixhoba emaqanda okanye uqhotse kwaye unakekele iiparamitha ezizinzileyo ukuphepha ukuyibangela ukuba itshice iqanda.
Ukwanda kwezinto
Kwizilwanyana ovoviviparous ezifana iiguppiesIndoda isebenzisa i i-gonopodium (i-anal fin elungisiweyo) yokuhambisa amadlozi. Imazi feat of fry kunye neelitha esele zenziwe. Amabhinqa amaninzi angakwazi gcina amadlozi ngexesha lemijikelo emininzi kwaye uzale ngaphandle kobukho bendoda. Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezixineneyo, Ubulembu beJava kunye nezityalo ezishinyeneyo Banikezela ngekhusi lokuqhotsa kunye nokuphila okungcono.
Izithethe zokuthandana, izandi, izibane kunye nokukhusela indawo
Ukongeza kuhlobo lokuzala, umboniso weentlanzi umngcelele womtshato kunye nemingqungqo ukutsala iqabane. Amanye amadoda qhwaba ngamaphiko okanye zihlala kufuphi ne-cloaca yemazi ukuze zivuselele ukuzala; ezinye, ezifana needlefish kunye neseahorses, zibonisa iindima ezibuyiselwe umva apho indoda kufuka amaqanda engxoweniIintlobo ezithile ziyakhupha isandi ngesinyi sokuqubhaFumana indlela iintlanzi ezinxibelelana ngayointo eluncedo kwi ukukhanya okuphantsiKwiindawo ezinzulu, i izinto eziphilayo unokutsala abantu besini esahlukileyo.
Kwiintlobo ezakha iindlwane, i itertorialism Iya kucaca ngakumbi. Ezinye i-angelfish kunye ne-cichlids zigcina ukhuselo olungqongqo kwiindawo zokubeka. I umbala womtshakazi kunye dichromatism ngokwesondo (Iinkunzi ezinemibala engakumbi) zixhaphakile kwiiwrasses, iiwrasses eziluhlaza, kunye nezinye iintsapho, ezinceda ukuchonga isini kunye nesimo sokuzala. Ukuba indawo, ikhusi kunye nezithintelo ezibonakalayo kunciphisa iingxabano kwi-aquarium.
Ukuzalanisa ukufuduka kunye nezicwangciso ezigqithisileyo
Kwindalo, iintlobo ezininzi zenza ukufuduka ukuvelisa kwakhona. iianadromes (njengesalmon) hlala elwandle kwaye uqubhe emilanjeni ukuya kuzala; i iicatadromes (njengeeel) yenza uhambo olubuyela umva. Ezinye izicwangciso ezigqithisileyo ziquka iinkunzi ze-parasite kwintlanzi enzulu yolwandle njenge-anglerfish, apho inkunzi, incinci kakhulu, Idibanisa kumzimba wemazi ukuqinisekisa ukuchumisa. Kwiintlobo ze-pelagic, ukubeka iqanda kunokufikelela izigidi zamaqandaukubuyisela ukungabikho kokhathalelo lwabazali kunye nemveliso yobuninzi.
Iingcebiso kunye neendlela ezivela kumaqela adumileyo e-aquarium
Iimeko ezisisisekoUhlobo ngalunye lunemfuno ezikhethekileyo zendawo yokuhlala. Khangela ubushushu, pH, ubulukhuni kunye nokuhambelana. Inika ikhusi (izityalo, imiqolomba) kunye nokutya okwahlukeneyo okutyebileyo iiproteni kunye neevithamini ukuvuselela ukuzala kunye nokwakheka kakuhle kweqanda.
- Iiguppies, iipleyiti kunye neswordtails (ovoviviparous): tempera phakathi I-24-27 ºC, pH 7-7,8Izityalo ezifana Ikrele laseAmazonian kunye neJava moss Babonelela ngeendawo zokufihla. Gcina Indoda e-1 kubafazi aba-2-3 ukuphepha ukuxhatshazwa. Iimazi zinokuzala rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-4-6; babe usiba lokuzala okanye iminatha edadayo kwandisa izinga lokusinda kwefry.
- UBetta uyaqaqamba (indlwane yamaqamza): i-aquarium ephantsi nge 10-15 cm yamanziIgqabi lealmondi laseIndiya kunye nesigqubuthelo esidadayo. Okokuqala inkunzi, imazi ngokwahlukileyo; ekuyikhululeni, inkunzi yakha indlwane kwaye uyanga imazi ukukhulula kunye nokuchumisa amaqanda. Emva kokulala, susa imaziInkunzi igada indlwane. amanzi amile kunye negquma i-aquarium ukuqinisekisa umoya ofudumeleyo kunye nofumileyo.
- I-Zebritas (uDanio rerio, oviparous): Ukwahlula isini kwiveki enye okanye ezimbini. Lungiselela itanki nge umnatha okanye amaso eglasi ukuze amaqanda ukuwa ngaphandle kokufikelela yabazali. Ubudlelwane Amadoda ama-2 kwibhinqa ngalinyeEmva kokutshona kwelanga, susa abantu abadala kwaye ngokukhawuleza i-oksijeni.
- Kribensis kunye nezinye iicichlids ezincinci (imiqolomba): bane imiqolomba, iityhubhu okanye iikhokhonathii-substrate efanelekileyo (2-4 mm) kunye ne-oxygenation enhle. Abazali ngokuqhelekileyo ukunyamekela amaqanda kunye nokuqhotsa. I biofilms kunye ne-algae Zinika i-micronutrients kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa.
- Iimpawu kunye ne-carp (iqanda-kusasazwa): ngcono kwi amachibi amakhulu okanye iitanki ngamanzi asanda kutshintshwa; sebenzisa izityalo njenge umsila wempungutye okanye iimops zokuzala. Usebenzisa umlinganiselo we-2-3 yamadoda kwibhinqa ngalinye kwaye ususe abantu abadala emva kokubeka.
Izicwangciso zendalo, ezingeyomfuneko kunye nezokwenziwa kokuvelisa kwakhona (iaquaculture)
Nangona kwi-aquarium yasekhaya eyona nto iphambili ukuveliswa kwemveloKwi-aquaculture, kukho iiprothokholi ezivumelayo khuthaza ukuzala kunye nokulawula incubation ukuphucula ukuphila:
- Yendalo: Amadoda kunye nabasetyhini bahlanganiswa ndawonye kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ezilungiselelwe okanye amachibi (izityalo, iindlwane, iindawo zokuhlala). linganisa imiqondiso yokusingqongileyo (iindawo zokungena amanzi amatsha, utshintsho oluncinci kwinqanaba, uhlaza) ukuqalisa ukuzala kweentlobo ezifana necarp necatfish.
- ISemi-artificial: se ilawula umthamo wehomoni (umzekelo, i-pituitary extracts esemgangathweni okanye ezinye i-gonadotropins) ukulungelelanisa i-ovulation. Iintlanzi zizalela kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ezilungisiweyo kunye ne Amaqanda achumileyo aqokelelwa ukuwafukamela ngolawulo olukhulu kunye neoksijini.
- Okwenziwayo (ukuhluba): emva kokungeniswa kwehomoni kunye nokulawula ixesha ovulation (ulinganiswe ngaphakathi iiyure zesidanga kwiqondo lobushushu elithile), yona Bakhupha amaqanda kunye namadlozi. Ngesandla, ukuchumisa okomileyo kwenziwa kwaye zifukame kwizixhobo iqhelaniswe nohlobo lweqanda.
I-Adhesive vs. amaqanda anganamatheli: i-adhesives (i-carp eqhelekileyo, i-cichlids eninzi) iqokelelwa abaqokeleli (izityalo, iimophu, ifayibha kakaban) okanye ziqanduselwe iindawo ezinomoyaIintlobo ze-non-adhesive (i-Chinese / Indian carp, i-trout) ifuna ukuhamba okugudileyo nokuqhubekayo ukuhlala ucocekile kwaye une-oxygen.
I-incubation kunye nezixhoboNgokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo, ezi zilandelayo zisetyenziswa: i-mesh cages okanye inetha, iibhokisi ezinemesh, iigatha kunye nokuhamba kwe-laminar, iityhubhu ezine-aeration ethe ngqo kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-incubators zohlobo lwefuneli ezithe nkqo (i-conical okanye i-cylindrical-conical) ebamba amaqanda ngaphakathi intshukumo ecothayo kunye neoksijini kakuhle. Ilungisa i I-caudal kwisigaba ngasinye: uphazamiseko oluncinci ngexesha ukudumba kweqanda, ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwi i-blastula/gastrula kunye nokuphuma okukhulu ukusuka umbungu ngamehlo de iqanduselwe.
I-LarvicultureEmva kokuqandusela, le mibungu idla ukutya kwayo isikhwama seqanda kwaye zitshintshelwa kwisondlo sangaphandle. Ziyasetyenziswa iindawo ezivaliweyo zamanzi okanye ukukhulisa iifaneli zemibungu engasebenziyo kunye iigatha ezijikelezayo okanye iitanki kwimibungu esebenzayo. Kubalulekile ukunikela phila microfoods (i-rotifers, i-artemia nauplii) kunye nokugcina ioksijini ephezuluUkukhanya okuthambileyo kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo zokuthintela ukungunda kunye neebhaktheriya.
Ukucwangcisa inkqubo encinciUkuba unomdla wokuyithatha inyathelo eliya phambili, bala amanzi ahamba, imida Ukufuya, ukufukamela kunye neendawo zokuqhotsakwaye uququzelela a ukucoca kunye nesekethe yokuhambisa amanzi Ngokuqinisekileyo. Kwinqanaba lokuzilibazisa, iitanki enye okanye ezimbini ezincedisayo, i-manifold, kunye ne-a incubator yasekhaya (ifenitshala yeplastiki kunye nokuhamba okuhlengahlengiswayo) kunye nenkcubeko yokutya ephilayo.
Iiparamitha zamanzi, ukuhambelana kunye nokunyamekela okuphambili
Ukukhuthaza ukukhwelana kunye nokuzala, gcina amaqondo obushushu azinzileyo phakathi koluhlu lweentlobo, i-pH kunye nobulukhuni bufanelekile, kwaye ithintela i-spikes ammonia/nitritesUtshintsho lwamanzi rhoqo nge imeko kunye neenguqu ezincinci, ezilawulwayo zingakwazi vuselela ukuzala kwi-oviparous. Ukuhlalisana kunye amaqabane anoxolo kunye ukuvezwa ngokugqithisileyo kweendawo zokuhlala Banciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula imveliso.
La Ukutya kwangaphambi kokuzala isityebi kwiprotheni (izibungu ezibomvu, i-daphnia, i-artemia) iphucula iqanda kunye nesidoda umgangathoEmva kokubeka okanye ukuzala, iququzelela ukutya okulungileyo kunye nokuqhotsa rhoqo (i-infusoria, i-rotifers, i-artemia esandula ukuqanduselwa okanye i-high-quality feeds ye-microgranulated) kwaye ilawula ukuhamba kwesihluzo ukuze bangabafunxanga.
Ngokuqonda indlela eyahlukileyo iindlela zokukhwelanaNgokuqwalasela izithethe zokuthandana, ukukhusela umhlaba, kunye neendlela zokuzala, kunokwenzeka ukuyila i-aquariums enobunkunkqele. uzinzile, ukhuselekile kwaye uphumeleleIngaba kunye ne-substrate-based egg-laying, iindlwana ze-bubble, i-mouthbrooding, okanye i-ovoviviparity, ukulungelelanisa imo engqongileyo kunye nokubonelela ngononophelo oluthile kwenza umehluko phakathi kokubeka amaqanda kunye nokuphumelela. ukufuya okuzinzileyo ixesha elidlulele.
