Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, iintlanzi beziyeyona izinto ezibalulekileyo zokutya kunye noqoqosho lwehlabathiOku kuyinyaniso elwandle nakwimilambo nasemachibini. Nangona kunjalo, uthotho lwezifundo zakutshanje lutyhila into engazange iqatshelwe kude kube kutshanje: iintlanzi azikhuli kakhulu, zikhula kwangethuba, kwaye ziyafa rhoqo kunangaphambili. Kwaye oku akusiyonto ingaqhelekanga, kodwa yindlela ebonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa kuhlalutywa idatha evela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo.
Oko ekuqaleni kwakusenokubonakala ngathi ziimpawu ezizimeleyo kuhlanganiswa kube umkhwa wehlabathi wokuncipha kokukhula kunye nabemi de pecesokunefuthe elikhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye nekamva lokuloba. Utshintsho lwemozulu, ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala, kunye nongcoliseko zityhalela iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana emngciphekweni. ngelixa izazinzulu, abalawuli kunye nabalobi beentlanzi bezama ukusabela ngeendlela ezintsha zolawulo kunye nezisombululo ezifana nokulima aquaculture ngendlela evuselelayo.
Ukwehla kokukhula kweentlanzi kwihlabathi liphela: kwenzeka ntoni
Uphando lwamazwe ngamazwe olukhokelwa yingcali yezenzululwazi uHelen Yan, waseJames Cook University eOstreliya, luhlalutye iirekhodi zembali zokukhula kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo de peces elwandle iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Iziphumo zicacile: kwiimeko ezininzi, iintlanzi namhlanje zikhula kancinci kunangaphambili kwaye zifikelela kubukhulu obuncinci ebomini bazo bonke.
Olu phononongo, olusebenzisa idatha yexesha elide kunye nemimandla eyahlukeneyo yolwandle, lubonisa ukucotha kokukhula okungafaniyoEzinye iintlobo kunye neendawo zibonakala zichaphazeleka ngakumbi kunezinye. Kodwa isignali iyonke iyafana kwaye iphindaphindwa ngokwaneleyo ukuphakamisa isilumkiso kuluntu lwezenzululwazi kunye nabaphathi bezokuloba.
Ukukhula kweentlanzi luphawu olubuthathaka kakhulu lwendalo esingqongileyo. Xa zicotha, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ukuba kukho into engalunganga. imeko yokusingqongileyo okanye ulwakhiwo lwabemiInyaniso yokuba le nto ibonwa kwisikali seeplanethi ibonisa ukuba iilwandle ziphantsi koxinzelelo oluqokelelweyo oludlula kakhulu amandla azo okuziqhelanisa.
Ngaphezu koko, izinga lokukhula elinciphileyo longeza kwezinye iinguqu esele ziyaziwa kubantu abaninzi abaxhatshazwayo: abantu abakhulu abambalwa, ubudala obuphakathi abancinci, kunye nokungafani okuncinci kwezakhi zofuzoKonke oku kwenza abantu babe sesichengeni sokuphazamiseka okufana namaza obushushu baselwandle, izifo, okanye iziqephu zongcoliseko olugqithisileyo.
Uxinzelelo lwabantu kunye notshintsho kwindalo: iingcambu zengxaki
Izifundo ezihlalutya oku kwehla kwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela zibonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezibangela oku: ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kunye notshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyo ezinxulunyaniswa nemisebenzi yabantu. Kunokuba zibe ziingxaki ezizimeleyo, ziyaqinisana kwaye zikhawulezisa utshintsho lwezinto eziphilayo.
Ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo bekusisusa, kangangeminyaka emininzi, ikakhulu iisampulu ezinkulu ezinamandla okuzala amakhuluOku kutshintsha ulwakhiwo lwamaqela kwaye, ngokuhamba kwexesha, kunokuthanda iintlobo ngeentlobo ezikhula kwangoko kwaye zinciphe. Akupheleli nje ekubeni zimbalwa iintlanzi ezinkulu kuba sizibamba: uxinzelelo lokuloba ngokwalo lunokubangela ukuba imizimba yazo ibe mincinci.
Kwangaxeshanye, iilwandle ziyafudumala, zibangela iasidi, kwaye, kwiindawo ezininzi, ziyaphelelwa zizondlo kunye neoksijini. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu bamanzi kukhawulezisa imetabolism yeentlanzi, ukuze Badinga amandla angakumbi ukuze bahlale bephilaUkuba le mfuno yongezelelweyo ayihlangatyezwa ngokutya okufumanekayo okanye okusemgangathweni ongcono, isiphumo silula: izixhobo ezimbalwa zokwabela ukukhula.
Ukudibana kobushushu obuphezulu, utshintsho lweekhemikhali (njengokuba ne-asidi), kunye nokuncipha kokufumaneka kweoksijini kudala imeko-bume Iyanciphisa amandla eentlanzi okuguqula ukutya kube yi-biomass.Nokuba bayaqhubeka nokutya, inxalenye engakumbi yaloo mandla "iyalahleka" ngenxa yokugcina umzimba usebenza phantsi koxinzelelo.
Kwangaxeshanye, emanzini angaphakathi elizweni, ukwakhiwa kwamadama, imijelo yemilambo, ukutsalwa kwamanzi amaninzi ukuze kunkcenkceshelwe, kunye nongcoliseko ziyonakalisa inkqubo yendalo yemilambo. Olu tshintsho luphazamisa iindlela ezidibanisa iindawo zokuzalela, zokukhulisa nezokutya kwaye uqaqambise Ukubaluleka kwamanyathelo eentlanzi ekubuyiselweni komlambo, kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho weendawo zokuhlala ezikhoyo, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhula nokusinda kweentlanzi.
Utshintsho lwemozulu, imetabolism ekhawulezayo, kunye neentlanzi ezincinci ngakumbi
Izifundo ezininzi ezipapashwe kwiijenali ezinefuthe elikhulu, ezifana neSayensi, ziye zangena nzulu kwikhonkco eliphakathi ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani bomzimba kwiintlanzi. Abaphandi abafana noJan Kozłowski, uDustin J. Marshall kunye noCraig R. White bahlalutye idatha evela kwiintlobo ezimalunga nama-3.000 kwaye bachaze indlela exhalabisayo.
Njengoko amanzi efudumala, imetabolism yentlanzi ikhawuleza. Oku kuyabanyanzela ukuba ukukhula ngokwesondo besebancinciukuqinisekisa ukuba zizala ubuncinane kanye ngaphambi kokuba zife. Ngokwebhayoloji, yindlela yokuphila: ukuba ukufa kuyanda, kuyavakala "ukungxama" ukushiya inzala ngokukhawuleza.
Ingxaki kukuba aba bantu, ngokuzala kwangethuba, abafikeleli kubukhulu ababeya kufikelela kubo kwindawo engenabungozi. Ngoko ke, okubonwayo kumaqela amaninzi ukwehla okubanzi kobukhulu obuphakathi kunye nokufa okuphezuluIintlanzi ziphila ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziyafa zisencinci.
Ngokwezi zifundo, isiphumo esipheleleyo kukwehla okukhulu kwe-biomass ekhoyo kubalobi. Iingxelo zibonisa ukuba Imveliso yeentlanzi kwihlabathi liphela inokwehla malunga nama-22%. Ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kufikelela kwi-2°C ngaphezu kwamanqanaba angaphambi kwezemizi-mveliso, oku kukunciphisa okukhulu kunoqikelelo lwangaphambili olungazange luthathele ingqalelo ezi mpendulo zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Kwiimeko apho kukho ukukhutshwa okukhulu komoya, ukwehla kungaba malunga ne-30%. Kuye kwenziwa ubalo oluthile lweentlobo eziphambili zorhwebo, ezifana ne-Alaska pollock (intlanzi efana ne-cod), ekubanjwa kwayo ngonyaka kunokuncipha malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi seetoni ze-metric. Oku kuya kulingana, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, ne- ukulahlekelwa ngaphezulu kwebhiliyoni yeeproteni ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngonyaka kuhlobo olunye kuphela.
Iimpembelelo zendalo: imixokelelwane yokutya isemngciphekweni wokuwa
Ubungakanani bentlanzi abubalulekanga ngokwezoqoqosho kuphela. Buchaza inxalenye enkulu yentlanzi ubudlelwane phakathi kwezilwanyana ezizingelayo nezilwanyana ezizingelayo kwiindawo eziphilayo zasemanziniKwiinkqubo ezininzi zaselwandle, "ngubani otya bani" kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumahluko kubukhulu bomzimba.
Xa iintlobo ezinkulu zincipha ngobukhulu kwaye izilwanyana ezincinci zisanda, iiwebhu zokutya ziyakhiwa ngokutsha. Umzekelo, kwishelufu yelizwekazi laseNova Scotia, ubungakanani bezilwanyana ezininzi ezinkulu ezizingelayo behle ngama-40% kwiminyaka engamashumi amane nje kuphela, ngelixa amaxhoba azo Abemi bande nge-300%Isiphumo: inkqubo yendalo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kuleyo yayikho kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo.
Olu tshintsho lunokubangela iziphumo zokuwa kwezilwanyana ekunzima ukuziqikelela. Ukuba isilwanyana esizingelayo siba ncinci, sinokulahlekelwa lulawulo kwixhoba elithile, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ukusebenzisa kakhulu izixhobo ezisezantsi kwikhonkco lokutyaEkuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokuguqulela kutshintsho olungenakuguqulwa kwisakhiwo se-ecosystem, kunye nokulahleka kweentlobo zezilwanyana kunye neenkonzo zokusingqongileyo.
Indlela ezinokubanjiswa ngayo ezi ntlobo zeentlanzi ngokwazo iyatshintsha: izikolo de peces yenziwe ikakhulu ziisampuli ezincinci ixabiso elingaphantsi kwexabiso lokuloba kwezorhwebonokuba inani labantu lihlala liphezulu. Ukuzama ukubuyisa ilahleko yobukhulu ngokunyusa umzamo wokuloba kunokubangela ukuba inani labemi linciphe ngokukhawuleza.
Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukulahlekelwa kokwahluka kwezakhi zofuzo. Njengoko ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo buncipha kwaye iimpawu ezikhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwangethuba kunye nokukhula kancinci zikhethwa ngokungathanga ngqo, izakhi zofuzo ezinxulumene nezidalwa ezinkulu nezihlala ixesha elide ziyalahleka. Oku konakala kwezakhi zofuzo Ithintela ukulungelelaniswa kwexesha elizayo kwabemi kwiinguqu ezintsha zokusingqongileyo.
Iintlanzi zasemanzini acocekileyo: ingxaki engathethiyo yemilambo namachibi
Ukuba imeko yolwandle iyaxhalabisa, eyolwandle olungaphakathi iyamangalisa. Iingxelo ezininzi ezilungiselelwe yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neSivumelwano seZizwe eziManyeneyo soLondolozo lweeNdawo eziFudukayo (i-CMS) zibonisa ukuba isithathu seentlobo de peces amanzi amatsha Ijongene nomngcipheko wokuphela kwayo.
Iintlanzi zasemanzini acocekileyo zimele malunga ne-51% yazo zonke iintlobo zeentlanzi de peces bayaziwa kwaye banayo indima ebalulekileyo ekondleni nasekuxhaseni izigidi zabantuNangona kunjalo, abafumani ngqwalasela ingako kwimidiya nakwizopolitiko kunezilwanyana zaselwandle ezinomtsalane. Oku “kungabonakali” kusebenza nxamnye nabo xa kanye befuna ukhuseleko olukhulu.
Ngokwedatha eqokelelwe ukususela ngo-1970, abantu de peces Abafuduki bamanzi acocekileyo behle ngama-81%, kwaye abo Iintlobo ezinkulu zezilwanyana ziye zehla malunga ne-94%.Unyaka ka-2020 wawunzima kakhulu: iintlobo ezili-16 zabhengezwa ngokusesikweni ukuba ziphelile de peces iintlobo zeentlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo, kuquka nentlanzi edumileyo yoMlambo iYangtze.
Kwiindawo ezininzi zaseAsia, eAfrika, naseMzantsi Melika, ezi ntlanzi zingumthombo ophambili weprotheyini yezilwanyana, ukongeza kwi ukubonelela ngemisebenzi ethe ngqo okanye engathanga ngqo kubantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-60Ukulahlekelwa ngaba bantu akupheleli nje kwintlekele yezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kukwayingxaki kukhuseleko lokutya kunye noqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni.
Izizathu zokuncipha kwenani leentlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo zininzi kwaye ziyahambelana: ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwemithombo yamanzi, amadama ombane, ungcoliseko lwezolimo, lwasezidolophini nakwimizi-mveliso, ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, iintlobo zezilwanyana ezingenelelayo, utshintsho lwemozulu, ukutsalwa kakhulu kweentlanzi kunye nesanti, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene nokusingqongileyo olufana nolu. ukuloba ngokungekho mthethweniXa bebonke, benza isiselo esinxilisayo esichaphazela imilambo emininzi kunye neendawo ezimanzi. kwingxaki yendalo engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.
Izidibi zemilambo emikhulu kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ezifudukayo zisengozini
Ingxelo ye-CMS ehlalutya imeko yeentlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo ezifudukayo ichaza malunga Iintlobo ezingama-325 zikwimeko exhalabisayo kakhuluukusinda kwazo kuxhomekeke kumanyathelo angxamisekileyo nalungelelanisiweyo phakathi kwamazwe. Isizathu sicacile: uninzi lwezi ntlobo zezilwanyana luhamba ecaleni kwemilambo enqumla imida emininzi yelizwe.
Phakathi kwezona ndawo zibalulekileyo yiAmazon kunye nenkqubo yeLa Plata-Paraná eMzantsi Melika, iDanube eYurophu, iMekong eAsia, iNile eAfrika, kunye neGanges-Brahmaputra complex kwilizwekazi laseIndiya. Kuzo zonke ezi nkqubo, ukwanda kokwakhiwa kwamadama, ukwahlulwahlulwa kweendawo zokuhlala, kunye nongcoliseko kuyakhawulezisa ukulahleka konxibelelwano lomlamboOku kuyatshabalalisa kwiintlobo zezilwanyana ezixhomekeke ekuhambeni ecaleni komlambo ukuze zigqibezele umjikelo wazo wobomi.
ESpain, nangona ingqwalasela yeendaba idla ngokujolisa kwezinye iingxaki zokusingqongileyo, iintlobo ezichaphazeleka yile ndlela yehlabathi nazo zichongiwe. Ukulondolozwa kwezi ntlanzi kufuna ukuphathwa kwezi ntlambo. njengeenkqubo ezidibeneyo kwaye kungekhona njengeecandelo ezizimeleyo ezisekelwe kwimida yolawuloOkuchaseneyo kukhokelela kuphela kwizilungiso zolawulo ezingasombululi ingxaki engundoqo.
Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba kusekho indawo yokuguqula ezinye zezi ngxaki, kodwa zilumkisa ukuba ixesha liyaphela. impendulo yamazwe ngamazwe edibeneyo nenebhongoiintlobo ezininzi de peces Iintlobo zezilwanyana ezifudukayo emanzini acocekileyo zinokunyamalala kwiminyaka ezayo, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu iindawo eziphilayo zasemilanjeni nakwiindawo ezixhomekeke kuzo.
Ngaphezu koko, kwinqanaba lesizwe, amazwe anezinga eliphezulu lokufumaneka kwezilwanyana ezininzi—njengeSpain, apho phantse yonke imimandla yomlambo inee-cyprinids zayo, njengeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-barbel—anembopheleleko ekhethekileyo. Xa uhlobo oluthile olufumaneka kuphela lunyamalala, alulahleki nje kumlambo omnye: iyanyamalala kwiplanethi.
Imeko eSpain: iintlobo zezilwanyana ezisengozini kunye nokuphela kwazo ngokusemthethweni
Iingxelo zolondolozo kunye noLuhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN zibonisa ukuba eSpain kungaphezulu Iindidi ezingama-20 de peces iindawo zelizwekazi zidweliswe njengezisengoziniPhakathi kwazo kukho i-samaruc, i-loina okanye i-fartet, zonke zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo neendawo zokuhlala zasemanzini ezikhethekileyo eziye zonakaliswa kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ezinye iintlobo sele ziphuze kakhulu ekufumaneni amanyathelo okukhusela: i-sturgeon yaseYurophu kunye ne-lamprey yomlambo ziyaqwalaselwa yaphela ngokusemthethweni kummandla waseSpainEzi meko zisebenza njengesilumkiso sento enokwenzeka ukuba amanyathelo ayalibaziseka de abantu bafikelele kwinqanaba apho kungekho mbuyekezo.
Ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana, ezifana neSalamanca sardinia, ezidweliswe “njengezisengozini,” zibona indawo yazo yokusasazeka yendalo isongelwa ziiprojekthi ezithile, ezifana nemisebenzi ethile yokwemba enokubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho wamanzi kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezikwimifula yeendlela zamanzi ezikhethekileyo. Oku kubonisa ukuphikisana okufanayo: Utyalo-mali lwenziwa ekulondolozeni izinto ngexesha elinye njengoko iiprojekthi ezinempembelelo enamandla zasekuhlaleni zivunywa..
Izinga eliphezulu lokufumaneka kweentlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo zase-Iberia, kunye nokuhlukaniswa kweendawo ezininzi zemilambo, kuthetha ukuba izigqibo malunga nolawulo lwamanzi, imisebenzi ye-hydraulic, okanye ukusetyenziswa komhlaba zinempembelelo engalinganiyo kwikamva lezi ntlobo. Ukulahleka nokuba yinxalenye encinci yomlambo egcinwe kakuhle, ngokwesiqhelo, kunokuthetha ukuzisa umnombo wonke wendaleko kufutshane kakhulu nokuphela.
Ngoko ke, imibutho yolondolozo lwendalo ifuna ukuba ukhuseleko lwemilambo, amachibi kunye neendawo ezimanzi lubekwe phambili njengamahlathi okanye iilwandle kwiingqungquthela ezinkulu zezinto eziphilayo, kwaye oorhulumente bamkele iinjongo ezithile zokubuyisela iinkqubo zamanzi acocekileyokungekuphela nje ukunqanda ukonakala kwayo.
Ukulima iintlanzi ezivuselelayo: isisombululo, inkxaso, okanye ukulungiswa kwexeshana?
Ijongene nokuncipha kwabantu abaninzi de pecesAbanye abaphandi kunye nabaphathi bakhethe icebo elidibanisa ulondolozo kunye nemveliso: iinkqubo zokubuyisela ubutyebi beentlanzi okanye ukuqokelela kwakhona izinto ezivela kwiindawo zokufuya iintlanziIngcinga kukukhulisa iintlanzi kwiindawo ezilawulwayo nokuzikhulula kwindawo yendalo ukuze komelezwe ukuncipha kwenani lazo.
Umzekelo wakutshanje yi-kūmū, okanye i-Hawaiian goatfish, exatyiswa kakhulu njengomthombo wokutya kwiZiqithi eziphambili zaseHawaii kwaye ichaphazeleka kakhulu kukuloba ngokugqithisileyo. Abaphandi kwi-Ocean Institute of Hawaii Pacific University basebenza kwi khulisa olu hlobo lwezilwanyana kwiindawo zokufuya iintsana, phawula amantshontsho uze uwakhulule kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo. Abalobi ababamba iisampulu ezineethegi bafumana imbuyekezo ngokutshintshiselana nengxelo yeentlanzi ezibanjiweyo, nto leyo evumela uvavanyo lokusebenza kwenkqubo.
E-United States, iSebe leePaki neZilwanyana zaseTexas (TPWD) ligcina inkqubo efanayo yeentlanzi ezihlala emazantsi kwiGulf of Mexico. Olu hlobo luye lwancipha ixesha elide ngenxa yokuloba ngokuzonwabisa nangorhwebo kunye nobusika obufudumeleyo kunesiqhelo, obuchaphazela kakhulu inani lazo. amanqanaba okuqala obomiIimbungu zifuna ubushushu obuthile ukuze zikhule (malunga nama-64-73 ºF), into esiya isiba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Ukususela ngo-2006, emva kwexesha lovavanyo, i-TPWD ibisoloko igcina amanzi kawonke-wonke ngeentlanzi ezincinci ukongeza ekuqeshweni kwendalo xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zimbi. Ngo-2023, bakhuphe phantse Ulutsha olungama-300.000 kunyaka omnyeirekhodi yembali. Indawo yokuqandusela iimazi ilawula ubushushu nokukhanya ukuze ixelise umjikelo wonyaka kwiintsuku ezimalunga ne-150, isebenzisa iihomoni ezithile ukukhuthaza ukuzala, kwaye ilawula ngokungqongqo imvelaphi kunye nokujikeleza kwemfuyo ezalayo.
Kuye kwaqaliswa amanyathelo afanayo nge-lobster eYurophu naseMntla Melika. E-United Kingdom, apho inani le-lobster liye lachaphazeleka kukuloba kakhulu, ungcoliseko, kunye nomonakalo owenzeka phantsi kolwandle, kusetyenziswa iindawo zokufuya iinkuni ezizalisa iintlanzi. Ziyandisa kakhulu izinga lokusinda kweembungu.Nangona kwindalo inye kuphela kumashumi amawaka eembungu ezivela kwimazi enye efikelela ekuvuthweni, kwindawo yokuqandusela iinkukhu, kufumaneka amawaka amantshontsho aphilayo.
Iingenelo, iingozi zendalo kunye nokubaluleka kwendawo yokuhlala
Nangona ezi nkqubo zinokuxhasa uluntu kwiimeko ezinzima kwaye zinike uncedo oluthile kwezentlalo noqoqosho kuluntu olulobayo, azinakuphikiswana. Izazinzulu ezininzi zigxininisa ukuba ukukhululwa ngobuninzi kwezilwanyana ezikhuliswe ekuthinjweni Inokubangela ukhuphiswano olukhulu ngezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo kwaye iphazamise ulungelelwano phakathi kweentlobo ngeentlobo.
Uphando olwenziwe eJapan, umzekelo, luhlalutye iziphumo zokukhulula i-salmon ye-masu efuyiweyo iye kwimilambo eHokkaido. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba xa "umthamo wokuthwala" we-ecosystem udlulile, Iintlanzi ezifuywayo nezasendle zikhuphisana kakhulu ngokutya nendawo yokuhlalaOlu khuphiswano lunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngakumbi kwezilwanyana ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele ekuvuthweni kokuzala kwaye luchaphazele nezinye iintlobo ezinesabelo esifanayo, nto leyo enciphisa ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuba indawo yokuhlala apho kuya khona yonakele—ngenxa yongcoliseko, ukungabikho kwamanzi, ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokubalekela, okanye ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu—amandla enkqubo yendalo okuxhasa ezi ntlanzi zingaphezulu ayancipha kakhulu. Phantsi kwezi meko, Ukwanda kwabantu kunokuba lunyango oluneempawu njengaphandle kokujongana nezizathu ezibangela ukwehla kwezoqoqosho kunye nokwenza imeko ibe mandundu ngakumbi kwixesha elide.
Kwelinye icala, kukho umngcipheko wokuba iinkqubo zokuzalisa ezivalelweyo zinokutshintsha ngempazamo ulwakhiwo lwemfuza lwamaqela. Ukukhetha izifuyo ezizalisayo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo okanye indlela elula yokuphatha kunokukhokelela ekubeni ukukhetha ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezingameliyo yemfuyo yasendle. Oku kunokonakalisa uhlengahlengiso oluhle lwasekuhlaleni, ingakumbi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ezisasazeke kakhulu.
Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, iinkqubo eziphambili zibandakanya izicwangciso zolawulo lwemfuza, zitshintshatshintsha izilwanyana ezizalelayo minyaka le, zikhulule amantshontsho kwiindawo ezifanayo apho abazali bawo babanjwa khona, kwaye zigcina amazinga okwanda kwabantu aphakathi ngokumalunga nemveliso yendaloImpilo kunye nomgangatho wamanzi nazo zijongwa ngokusondeleyo kwiindawo zokuzalela ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka kwezifo.
Iingcali ezininzi ziyavuma ukuba iindawo zokufuya iintsana kunye nokufuywa kwezilwanyana zasemanzini okuvuselelayo kunokuba yinto Isixhobo esiluncedo, kodwa asisosisombululo esizimeleyo.La manyathelo kufuneka ahambisane nokubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuloba, ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokuziqhelanisa notshintsho lwemozulu. Ukuba okusingqongileyo kuhlala kusonakalisiwe, naluphi na ulwandiso lwabemi luya kuba sisisombululo sexeshana.
Ukufikelela kulawulo lokuloba oluhambelanayo noluzinzileyo
Ubungqina obuqokelelweyo bokwehla kokukhula kweentlanzi kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokuncipha kwamanani azo bunyanzela izazinzulu kunye nabaphathi ukuba bacinge ngokutsha amaqhinga olawulo lokuloba oluqhelekileyoUkumisela nje ii-quota zokubamba okanye ubungakanani obuncinci akusanele ukuba izinto ezingqongileyo, utshintsho lwendalo kunye nemeko yendawo yokuhlala azihlanganiswanga.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukubandakanya idatha yembali yexesha elide, efana naleyo isetyenziswa kwizifundo zokukhula, ukuze kuqondwe ngcono iindlela ezisetyenziswayo kunye neendlela zokulandelela ezifana isixhobo esikuvumela ukuba umamele intlanziOku kunceda ukwahlula phakathi utshintsho lwendalo kunye notshintsho kwisakhiwo kwi-ecosystems zaselwandle nezamanzi acocekileyo. Ngolu lwazi, kunokwenziwa imigaqo-nkqubo ehambelana kakhulu neemeko zangoku ze-ecosystem, kunokuba ihambelane nezo zeminyaka engamashumi amahlanu eyadlulayo.
Enye indlela ebalulekileyo yokwenza izinto kukuya kulawulo oluhambelanayo, apho amanyathelo olondolozo kunye nokuxhaphaza ahlengahlengiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ukuze ahambelane neziphumo zokubeka esweni ngokwesayensi. Oku kuthetha, umzekelo, lungisa imiqathango yokuloba, ii-quota okanye iindawo kuxhomekeke kwindlela abantu abasabela ngayo, kwaye bangagcini imithetho emiselweyo nangona kukho ubungqina bokuwohloka.
Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo, olufana nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ungcoliseko, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni nasecaleni komlambo, kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Okukhona umthwalo wabantu ungongezeleleki kangako, kokukhona amandla eentlanzi okwenza oku ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu etshintshayo ngaphandle kokuwela imida yokuwaNgaphandle koko, nezona ntlobo zinyamezelayo zinokoyiswa.
Bejongene nesilingo sokuthembela kwindaleko "ukulungisa" imiphumo yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabantu ngokwako, izazinzulu ezininzi zilumkisa ukuba Indlela oluya kulandelwa ngayo olo hlengahlengiso ayinyanzelekanga ukuba ihambelane nezinto esinomdla kuzo.Iintlanzi zinokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezintsha, ewe, kodwa ngexabiso lokuba zincinci, zibe sesichengeni ngakumbi, kwaye zingavelisi mveliso kangako xa zijongwa njengokuloba.
Konke esikwaziyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kubonisa ukwehla kokukhula kunye nabemi de pecesUkuncipha kweenkqubo zemvelo zaselwandle nezamanzi acocekileyo akusosiganeko sodwa kodwa luphawu lwehlabathi lonke lweenkqubo zemvelo eziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukucothisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi, ukubuyisela imilambo kunye neenxweme, ukuphucula ulawulo lokuloba, kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nokuvuselela ukulima amachibi ngobulumko kuya kwenza umahluko phakathi kweelwandle ezisempilweni kunye nemilambo, ezikwaziyo... ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa ulwahlulo lwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokutya kwezigidi zabantuokanye ikamva lamanzi aphelileyo apho umda wokuhamba uya kube uphelile.
